Bicycle Propulsion Systems

Bicycle Propulsion Systems1.AbstractThis report documents the development of cycles/second actuation formations everywhere time and mentions the changes wangle to shuffling the motorcycle more efficient, safe, windy and resistant. It defines what a racks drivetrain system is in a few words and what they atomic number 18 apply for on a cycle. It allow ins brief information about 4 of the first bicycles make in the 1800s and refers to the changes in design and materials hired for these bicycles. It in any case consists information of the 2 main bicycles practised today and the forward motions they adopt had comp atomic number 18d to the older bicycles. At last, this report recommends improvements that could be made to the bicycle to make it more efficient.3.NomenclatureKm/h = kilometers per hourKg = kilogramsTorque = a push that causes rotationCadence = the number of revolutions of the crank per minute4.IntroductionPublic dit has changed and improved over a expec tant period of time. These improvements have helped make transportation ,from one location to an otherwise, much easier. The bicycle is a capacious example of a method of transportation that has gone through a lot of improvements so that it is easier to use, faster, safer and more damage resistant. All this has happened by engineers taking into consideration the materials they use and the design of the bicycle.5.Discussion and Analysis of Material5.1 Bicycle Drivetrain Systems ( attachment 1 and 2)Bicycle Drivetrain Systems ar used to transmit the passengers power to the drive wheels in order to operate the bicycle forward. Nowadays, most drivetrain systems include apparatuss that are used to convert fixedness and torque via gear ratios. Over the years actuation systems for the bicycle have ranged from the passengers legs, to the new-made drivetrain systems that include gears and pedals.5.2 History (Appendix 3)Over the ult couple of centuries many unlike bicycles have been invented that have unlike characteristics in order to improve safety and efficiency, only when still had a confusable structure. Many of the different developed bicycles include quest Horse (Appendix 4)The pastime Horse was invented in 1817, by the German inventor, Baron Karl Drais. This bicycle had a primitive design and did not include a drivetrain. It was a 23kg bicycle which was made out of wood, including the wheels. It in addition include a leather lodge for the rider to sit on, and resembled a juvenile handlebar. The riders feet was the actuation system for this bicycle. This meant that the rider wouldnt be able to go very fast and would supplicate a great amount of effort to move it forward delinquent to its freight. It would also be difficult to transfer the bicycle uphill, thus the rider would have to carry it. Whilst going downhill, the lack of halt would cause the bicycle to die at a fast despatch without anything, other than the riders feet, to tally it. v elocipede (Appendix 5)The Velocipede was invented in 1858 by the French Michaux company. This bicycle was a great development from the Hobby Horse. It first had a cast iron cat which was then changed to wrought iron for break damage resistance. The seat have suspension which was inspired by the suspension used in wagons. Although, the bicycle was not commodious to ride, hence why its also called the Boneshaker. The wheels were woody solely consisted of iron tyres. It also included pedals on the axle of the appear wheel as the bicycles propulsion system. The pedals would al meek the rider to use less effort, compared to the Hobby Horse, to move the bicycle forward. This bicycle also consists of the introduction of a first brake, which included a metal lever that pressed a wooden flesh out against the rear wheel, make it much safer as it has the capability of stopping, though the wooden fat would wear out due to the friction between the deck and the wheel.Penny Farthing (Appe ndix 6)The Penny Farthing was invented in 1869 by French, Eugene Meyer. The bicycles design was based on the desire to make it faster, thus using it for sport. Since gears were not invented yet, the front wheels size was increased so it would travel a longer distance by and by one full rotation. The retch weight was reduced to increase move comfort including warm rubber tires, and the use of hollow steel tubes made it scintillationer. With the introduction of spokes and ball bearings, the wheels were also improved. The Penny Farthing would reach top speeds of 40km/h, only if despite its advantages it had many disadvantages. It required a running start and a mounting step for riders to be able to mount it. To stop, the rider would require to jump off the bike. The grittyer centre of gravity on the bicycle would mean that if the rider fell they would have great accident. And at last, if the rider went over a bump they would be sent flying, leading to a fatal accident.The Penny Farthings propulsion system were still the pedals, although, their positioning on the bigger front wheel would require riders with tall legs to ride them. cod to the bigger wheel, one rotation of the pedals would allow the bicycle to cover a longer distance, hence why it is faster than previous bicycles. This design dexterity my the bicycle faster and more efficient, but it was more dangerous due to the height and centre of gravity of the bike, the lack of feasible brakes and the lofty speeds it can reach.The Rover (Appendix 7)The Rover was invented in 1885 by English hind end Kemp Starley. This bicycle was chain driven and was also known as the arctic Bicycle. It featured equal sized wheels and a diamond frame, used to as distribute the forces throughout the bicycles frame, though it still lacked a seat tube. The solid rubber tires were also replaced in 1888 with pneumatic tires, which made it more comfortable to ride. The original model of The Rover used treadles to turn t he rear wheels, but the later updated model used a chain drive which consisted of a large front sprocket wheel and a small rear sprocket used to multiply the revolutions of the pedals without the need of a large front wheel. The pedals were more centred putting the riders feet away from the front wheel, and the centre of gravity was lower devising it easier for the rider to stop by putting their feet on the ground. To also better stop the bicycle, it included a lever which pushes a metal pad onto the front wheel.This bicycle was much safer due to its frame design and its low centre of gravity. It had increased efficiency due to the positioning of the pedals and the two homogeneous sized wheels whilst still being capable of travelling at high speeds with the brake being able to stop the bicycle if needed. The design of the handlebar also helped to improve the handling of the bicycle. The use of metal on the frame and on the chain mechanism also made it resistant from damage. Altho ugh, with the introduction of the raw(a) chain mechanism, pebbles or sticks could get caught in the chain, possibly damaging the mechanism.5.3 The modern bicyclesToday there is a variety of bicycles that are used for different situations. To be able to adapt to the different situations, the bicycles have different characteristics but still have similarities structure-wise. The 2 main types are survey bikes and hie bikes.Mountain Bikes (Appendix 8)Mountain bikes are bicycles designed for off-road riding. They are similar to other bikes but consist features that help enhance performance and durability on rough terrain. They consist of suspension on the frame and fork making the ride on rough terrain more comfortable, knobby tires which adds more grip on the wheels, heavy duty wheels that add durability, and more powerful brakes to help stop the bike instantly when on the rough terrain.The bicycles propulsion system includes derailleur gears (Appendix 2) that consists of a crankset for the rotation of the bicycles pedals, a cogset which is a set of different sized metal cogs or sprockets that are used as the gears, and a chain that links the cogset with the crankset. Different gears provide different torque and speed and requires different amounts of effort to rotate the pedals. The higher the gear, the more torque, speed and effort. The gears are controlled by a shifter which is connected to the gearing gearing mechanism by a cable.Mountain bikes tend to have up to 30 gears, yet mountain bikers choose to use 10 or 9 speed bikes due to the lighter weight and less complexity. The mountain bikes are very efficient and safe bicycle as they include disk brakes that help with instantaneous stopping, a gearing system that helps reduce the amount of effort the rider will have to use and is adaptable to different types of roads, and suspension that provides comfort.Racing Bike (Appendix 9)Racing bikes are designed for competitive road cycling. Its main characteristic s are its light weight for higher speeds, and its stiffness due to the lack of suspension also to reach out high speeds with the sacrifice of comfort. The handlebars are designed and positioned lower than the saddle so that the rider has a more aerodynamic posture. The front and back wheels are positioned finale together to allow for quick handling.For the propulsion system the bicycle uses a derailleur system similar to the Mountain Bike. The gear ratios have close spacing so that the rider can pedal at the optimum cadence. To shift gears the bicycle consists of an electronic shifting system. The switch is connected pumped-up(a) or wirelessly to a battery pack and to a small electric motor that is used to drive the derailleur, moving the chain between the cogs. This improvement allows for the rider to switch gears faster.The Racing Bike is quite efficient in terms of speed, and quite safe as it includes disk brakes that stop the bike instantly with the exception of knobby wheel s as it would decrease the speed of the bike. The materials manufactures use for the frame e.g. Carbon fibre, cause the bike to be light in weight and capable of travelling at faster speeds.6.Conclusions on that point have been many major developments in public transport over the years, with the bicycle as a great example. Many improvements have been made to the bicycle and the methods it uses for the rider to move it forwards. The introduction of new drivetrain systems and the vast use of different materials according to their properties are the cause of these improvements. The invention of, more complex, propulsion and brake systems have helped improve the efficiency and safety of the bicycle and the carrying into action of stronger and lighter materials has increased the bicycles damage resistance and has made it capable of stretchability higher speeds (Appendix 10) with less effort required by the rider. Also improvements on the seat and the suspension on the bicycle have cont ributed to make it a more comfortable method of transportation.7.RecommendationsThe bicycle has had great developments over the years, though more improvements can be made in order to make the bicycle safer, faster and more efficient. Such improvements may include Adding a cover, made of a light plastic, for the gearing system so that zilch can get caught in the mechanism, running the brake lines through the frame of the bicycle so there arent any cords hanging, adding a cogset to the front wheel making it a 2-wheel drive thus making it faster.8.ReferencesCrazyguyonabike April 15, 2009, The Hobby Horse 1817 Karl Drais and his running machine. https//www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/page/?page_id=40616 , (accessed 1/3/2017)Crazyguyonabike whitethorn 2, 2007, The Boneshaker 1867 Pierre Lallement, the Michaux family and their velocipede. https//www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/page/?page_id=40617 , (accessed 1/3/2017)Crazyguyonabike July 2, 2007, The Penny Farthing 1878 throng Starley and hi s ordinaries. https//www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/page/?page_id=40618 , (accessed 1/3/2017)Crazyguyonabike March 27, 2009, The Rover 1885 The modern bicycle born in England. https//www.crazyguyonabike.com/doc/page/?o=tSpage_id=40621v=9Y , (accessed 1/3/2017)Wikipedia January 6, 2017, Racing Bicycle. https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racing_bicycle , (accessed 2/3/2017)Wikipedia February 23, 2017, Mountain bike. https//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_bike , (accessed 2/3/2017)9.AppendicesAppendix 1Appendix 2Appendix 3Appendix 4Appendix 5Appendix 6Appendix 7Appendix 8Appendix 9Appendix 10