Mclibel Case free essay sample

â€Å"A reputation once broken may possibly be repaired, but the world will always keep their eyes on the spot where the crack was. † -Joseph Hall I. Background Analysis There are as many brands in the world as there are stars in the sky. They’re innumerable. However, no matter how many they are, there are those stars that shine the most. This is also the case for the brands in the world. Only a few are able to stand in the international arena. Some try to venture into the world market. However, those brand either don’t last long or they’re devoured by the competition. It is never easy to go international. The world’s top brands were started by normal people with extraordinary determination. And if you don’t have the kind of determination they do, then it’s best for you not to be too adventurous. A few of the brands that dominate the world are Nike, American Express, Samsung, Coca- Cola, Apple, Marlboro, Louis Vuitton, Toyota, Mcdonald’s, and many more. We will write a custom essay sample on Mclibel Case or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These brands didn’t become what they are overnight. As some would say, â€Å"Rome wasn’t built in a day. † They had to overcome hardships beyond whatever you and I can fathom but that didn’t stop them. For John Pemberton who concocted the formula we now call â€Å"Coke†, the 9 bottle per day he sold didn’t stop him from continuing his business. Today they sell 1. 6 billion servings every day. Samsung started as a grocery store when Lee Byung-chul opened Samsung Sanghoe in 1938. The business grew and became successful and he moved the headquarters to Seoul in 1947. However, when the Korean War broke out, he had no other choice but to leave. So he started a sugar refinery and a woolen mill under the parent company, Samsung. Samsung was banned from selling electronics which they then offered. The ban by president Park Chung-hee lasted for 18 years which gave Samsung 18 years to fine-tune their products and become one of the biggest electronics providers in the world. We also have Louis Vuitton. At the age of 14, little Louis decided to move to Paris from his hometown, Jura. He made the 249-mile journey by foot, picking up odd jobs along the way. With extraordinary hard work, the brand she established is now worth $ 21. 9 billion. Point is, everything starts from somewhere. There isn’t a company in the world that suddenly appeared and dominated the market. It took them years to establish the brand and gain customer loyalty. Having mentioned several humble beginnings of big brands, it’s no surprise that these brands stand on the world market. While there are those that are exclusive, there are also those that are accessible to the public. Take Toyota for example, Toyota cars are everywhere. You can locate a branch in almost any country and any town. When it comes to reaching the public there’s another figure that hasn’t failed the people – Mcdonald’s. McDonalds is the largest chain of fast food restaurants in the world. It has more than 31,000 outlets worldwide. Simply put, It is the most successful food service organization in the world. When Mcdonald’s put on the tagline â€Å"Millions and Millions served†, they weren’t joking. According to their website, Mcdonald’s serves more than 47 million customers every single day. From simple foundations, Richard and Maurice McDonald mastered the art of mass service production and opened a restaurant in San Bernardino, California which â€Å"Speedee Service System which started the trend in modern fast-food restaurant. Mcdonald’s’ original mascost was a man wearing a toque on top of a hamburger shaped head whose name was â€Å"Speedee. † Eventually, Ronald Mcdonald replaced â€Å"Speedee† in 1967 when the company first filed a U. S. trademark on a clown shaped man having puffed out costume legs. McDonalds first filed for a U. S. trademark on the name McDonalds on May 4, 1961, with the description Drive-In Restaurant Services, which continues to be renewed through the end of December 2009. The McDonalds Golden Arches logo was introduced in 1962. It was created by Jim Schindler to resemble new arch shaped signs on the sides of the restaurants. He merged the two golden arches together to form the famous M now recognized throughout the world. Schindlers work was a development of the stylized v logo sketched by Fred Turner, which was conceived as a more stylish corporate symbol than the Speedee chef character that had previously been used. The McDonalds name was added to the logo in 1968. The first McDonalds restaurants opened in the United States, Canada, Costa Rica, Panama, Japan, the Netherlands, Germany, Australia, France, El Salvador and Sweden, in order of openings. Mcdonald’s dates its founding to the opening of a franchised restaurant by Ray Kroc on April 15, 1955, the ninth Mcdonald’s restaurant overall. Kroc later on bought the Mcdonald’s brothers’ equity in the company which helped it step into the world market and boosted its international marketability potential which landed them on the public stock markets in 1965. Kroc was also noted for aggressive business practices, compelling the McDonald brothers to leave the fast food industry. The McDonald brothers and Kroc feuded over control of the business, as documented in both Krocs autobiography and in the McDonald brothers autobiography. The site of the McDonald brothers original restaurant is now a monument Now, having mentioned Mcdonald’s, what will make the â€Å"Golden Arches† fall even for an instant? Let me rephrase that, has it fallen before? The answer is, yes. The smooth sailing of Mcdonald’s took a bumpy turn in the the early 1900’s until late. It was basically a battle between David and Goliath. It really began with one person, with Helen just saying, I cant apologize. Just one person saying, No, I wont bow down. Eric Schlosser, Author of Fast Food Nation In 1986, a group called the London Greenpeace, splinter group of Greenpeace International, started distributing pamphlets containing allegations against Mcdonald’s. The pamphlet focused on a variety of social and environmental issues such as animal cruelty, exploitative marketing (in McDonald’s advertising campaigns aimed at children), rain forest depletion and the perceived negative health value of McDonald’s products. To stop London Greenpeace from further distributing and printing these leaflets, Mcdonald’s decided to take matters into court. The trial started in 1994 at the Royal Courts of Justice in London. A witty reporter called the case between Mcdonald’s and Steel and Morris the McLibel Trial, a nickname that stuck, and Steel and Morris became the McLibel Two. McDonald’s asserted that all claims in the pamphlet were without basis and false, but the case became a field day for the media when top McDonald’s executives were forced to take the stand to be questioned by the two activists. II. Situation Analysis There were numerous issues involving the McLibel. Some of which are: Legal To counter the allegations made by London Greenpeace represented by Helen Steel and Dave Morris, Mcdonald’s decided to file a lawsuit against these two. McDonalds could not sue London Greenpeace because it was only an association of individuals, so they picked five activists and told them to apologize or be sued in court. The company issued libel writs against five activists but three backed down and apologized. For Steel and Morris, however, the threat of legal action also represented an opportunity, an opportunity to get a bigger audience – the world. The trial did provide a much larger platform for their views than they would ever have been given standing outside McDonald’s restaurants distributing pamphlets and telling people what’s wrong with Mcdonald’s. Surprisingly, what people thought was an easy case of Goliath crushing Dave took a different turn. The trial became the longest in the British history with a total of 313 days in court. And as the case progressed, so too did the interest of the media. Soon enough, the world is listening to every word uttered in court, people listened to what were the things being discussed in the courtroom. Every single statement made in the original pamphlet was discussed and dissected not only in court, but in news studios around the world. This was a mammoth legal battle between the $30 billion a year earner McDonalds Corporation and two London Greenpeace supporters, Helen Steel, a gardener, and Dave Morris, a postman. The company decided to go to court because they wanted to stop the stop publication of the leaflet Whats Wrong with McDonalds. The leaflet has been distributed worldwide since 1984. Its contents have been repeated in the media, schools and even church magazines. With 180 witnesses called to testify on the case, the company endured humiliation after humiliation as the court heard claims of food poisoning, failure to pay legal overtime, bogus recycling claims and corporate spies sent to infiltrate the ranks of London Greenpeace. Mcdonald’s has resources beyond any of us can imagine may it be financial, legal, or human resources whilst Steel and Morris didn’t have money at the time the trial took place. Therefore, they couldn’t afford legal services. But despite this obstacle and the fact that both didn’t have extensive knowledge on the inner working of the court, they decided to take matters into their own hands and fight the case themselves. When verdict was read on June 19,1997, Mcdonald’s triumphed and claimed victory while Steel and Morris were ordered to pay damages. As part of their plan to show the people that Mcdonald’s is forgiving, they didn’t force the two to pay the damages which originally was ? 60,000 which was later cut by a third when the court accepted some of the accusations of London Greenpeace. Industry In what way are McDonalds responsible for torture and murder? ’ Is one of the questions asked in the pamphlet ‘What’s wrong with Mcdonald’s. ’ Yes, they are responsible for murders, but not of people but of animals. The justification for conferring rights on animals is that animals are in many important ways like humans. Animals are sentient creatur es. They feel pleasure and pain, experience emotions, remember, anticipate and learn. What happens to them is important for them, unlike what happens to a rock or a stone. So, if you argue that humans deserve rights, by simple extension you can argue that animals also deserve rights. The menu at Mcdonald’s are mostly made of meat. From burgers to nuggets, whatever meat it is, it’s still meat. And everyday, in all the branches of Mcdonald’s worldwide, they serve meat and meat comes from animals. Meaning, each day they have to kill and slaughter animals to serve to the customers to stay in business. Most of the animals they breed – especially the chickens and the pigs – experience a slow death. These animals are deprived of air and sunshine and freedom of movement. This served as wake up call to the food service industry. One of the accusations of London Greenpeace was the cruel and barbaric treatment of the animals Mcdonald’s serves to the people. They allegedly brutally slaughtered animals. The slaughterhouses supplying chickens to McDonalds dump the birds out of their transport crates and hang them upside down on their way to being killed. Chickens often suffer broken bones, extreme bruising, and hemorrhaging as they wait in fear to have their throats cup open while still conscious. Many birds are immersed in tanks of scalding-hot water—alive and able to feel every bit of the pain. A British government report even pointed out that the stunning methods were insufficient leaving the animals conscious while their throats being slit, bellies being opened, and a lot more. This was a clear justification of breaking animal rights. If more people were aware of where their fast food comes from and how it’s produced, they would likely think twice before ordering a Big Mac or a cheeseburger. Environmental Its a simple concept really. Mcdonald’s faced a challenging predicament when they were faced with the environmental issues that were put into the limelight. Basically, McDonalds sells beef. Many beef suppliers get their beef from Central and South American countries. They, along with other fast food chains were said to be poisoning lands of South and Central American to create a grazing pastures for cattle to be shipped to the States into forms of burgers and pet food, and to provide fat-food packaging materials. These cattle farms are usually placed on rainforest land that had been cut and cleared. The poor soil of the rainforest can only sustain life for up to a decade. The beef suppliers must move their farms every few years and consequently destroy more rainforest to accommodate the farm. Rarely does the forest regrow, even if replanted. 70% of the moisture that makes a rainforest a rainforest originates from the transpiration of the leaves on the vegetation. Once that vegetation is removed for a few years and then replaced when its bovine purpose is complete, the species of the rainforest cannot reestablish themselves because of the now lack of moisture they need to survive. Using cleared rainforest land for cattle grazing is short lived; no land is more ill-suited to extensive livestock production. Trees serve as vital links in the water and nutrient cycles of the rainforest, absorbing most of the rainfall. When tree cover is removed, the underlying soil is no longer protected from the pounding rain and it rapidly loses important nutrients. Therefore, preventing the earth and the trees for a chance of growing back. Grass for cows does not grow on this land for long and is quickly replaced by weeds and shrubs. Most pasture obtained by way of rainforest destruction is discarded after it has served its purpose. The pamphlet also mentions that the people shouldn’t believe Mcdonald’s’ claims that the paper they use are 100 % recycled, only a small part of it is. Mcdonald’s has to cut down 800 square miles of forest just to keep them supplied with paper for one year. Tons of this end up littering the cities of developed countries. The urban cities weren’t the only ones involved in the claims made by London Greenpeace, there’s also the issue of colonial invasion. Tribal people were forced to leave their ancestral territories where they have lived peacefully for decades without causing harm to the environment they have tediously taken care of for thousands of years. This kind of incident isn’t something new when it comes to the viciousness of multinational companies in their endless search for things to sacrifice in order to achieve their ultimate goal- profit. â€Å"Its no exaggeration to say that when you bite into a Big Mac, youre helping the McDonalds empire to wreck this planet. † Social It was a very strategic move when Mcdonald’s positioned their advertisements towards getting the attention of the children. Business-wise, it was brilliant. However, when viewed in another light, it was clearly a form of exploitation. Advertising aimed at young children should be restricted because youngsters cannot evaluate it properly. Children under age 8 tend to assume advertising is truthful and unbiased. Therefore, they form a perception that what they see on TV is the truth. And Mcdonald’s took advantage of this, within the constraints the law, they used or rather use,because they still do it today, their thirty-second commercials to target the youth to be the decision-makers, convincing their parents to buy the advertised toys, foods, drinks other products. Inherent in this argeting, especially of the very young, are the advertisers; fostering the youths loyalty to brands, creating among the children a loss of individuality and self-sufficiency, denying them the ability to explore and create but instead often encouraging poor health habits. The children demanding advertisers products are influencing economic hardships in many families today. These children, targeted by advertisers, are so vulnerable to trickery, are so mentally and emotionally unable to understand reality because they lack the cognitive reasoning skills needed to be skeptical of advertisements. Children spend thousands of hours captivated by various advertising tactics and do not understand their subtleties. What’s more, when these children start to be attracted to a certain meal or toy from a happy meal, they have a tendency to never stop asking them from their parents. Health Many of the unhealthy facts of fast food have only been brought to light in recent years. Film documentaries and books may have done more for society in this aspect than doctors and scientists recommendations. The average person is probably more likely to watch a movie than read a scientific document. They may heed their doctor’s advice, but only if they have a health problem. Many people understand the fast food risks, but are unable to resist the constant temptation created by having four or five restaurants within walking distance. Researchers have found that fat and sugar have the same effect on brain chemistry as addictive drugs, just to a lesser degree. You have to add that physical effect to the psychological ones caused by childhood memories of playgrounds and kid’s meals. It would be hard for anyone to resist that kind of temptation. Changes in healthy cholesterol levels are fast food risks that have been studied by scientists. In one study, after just one week of overeating by consuming fast foods twice a day, 16 out of 18 volunteers participating in the study had a significant increase in cholesterol levels. The increase was significant enough to increase their risk of heart disease. Next time you take a week long vacation, you may want to think twice before eating out twice a day. Heart disease is the main risk. Being overweight and having high cholesterol levels are risk factors for heart disease. Other possible risks include nutritional deficiencies, stomach ailments and cancer. Consumption of trans-fats specifically has been associated with an increased risk of stomach and colon cancer. Most of the baked goods you find at those restaurants are made using trans-fats. Despite the unhealthy facts of fast food, there are millions of fast food chains in the world that are still being patronized by people despite their knowledge of the risks. If more people were aware of where their fast food comes from and how it’s produced and what they contain, they would likely think twice before ordering that Big Mac or a cheeseburger. Whether it’s deliberate or not, there’s little information given by Mcdonald’s about the nutritional information of the food served at Mcdonald’s which it is guilty of. III. Implications/ Consequences/ Parallelism/ Values Fast food is something that has gained global recognition especially in modern cities around the world that has made eating fast food a daily routine. What started as a trend evolved into a culture in which the modern society depends on. In this country, many people eat fast food regularly, for example, Filipinos grab a bite at a nearby Fast food restaurant any time of the day. This is mainly due to the convenience of fast food. The word fast food says it all. The food is prepared fast and also eaten fast. It is prepared fast as the food is highly processed which means that the food has been altered from its original state for the convenience of fast preparation. The food is then eaten fast as customers require little or even no utensils to enjoy their hamburger or fried chicken. There are many fast food franchises in the fast food industry. There are franchises such as Kentucky Fried Chicken(KFC) , Bruger King and also Long John Silver. But only one franchise stand out from all the other fast food restaurants and that franchise is something that almost everyone in the world knows about. That franchise is McDonald’s. Sociologist,George Ritzer, has even coined the term ‘McDonaldization’ of society emphasizing the growth of the corporation. Ritzer coined the term to describe societies that operate efficiently and predictably, much like how McDonald’s operate. Even in most countries, McDonald’s prove to be the choice of the hungry. During lunch hour, many working adults and students would choose to have their lunch at Mcdonald’s. McDonald’s was the first fast food restaurant to use an assembly line-like system to prepare its food which was called the Speedee system. Speedee system emphasized on quick and efficient meals that can be prepared and served quickly and easily and also of a good quality. The restaurant even had a mascot named Speedee before it was eventually replaced by the clown we know today as Ronald McDonalds. The McDonald’s corporation is also associated with controversy, possibly due to size of the corporation and its competition. McDonald’s has been debated over many things such as obesity,   corporate ethics and damage to environment. McDonald’s has tried to respond to many of this criticisms. One of the popular cases that dragged the name of this company is the McLibel. McLibel is the true story of a postman and a gardener who took on McDonalds and wouldnt say McSorry, in a legal battle since described as the biggest corporate PR disaster in history. McDonalds loved using the UKs libel laws to suppress criticism. Major media organizations like the BBC and The Sun had crumbled and apologized. But then McDonalds sued penniless activists Helen Steel and Dave Morris. In what became the longest trial in English legal history, the McLibel 2 represented themselves against McDonalds USD$19 million legal team. Every aspect of the corporations business was cross-examined: from junk food and McJobs, to animal cruelty, environmental damage and the companys advertising to children. Outside the courtroom, Dave brought up his young son alone and Helen supported herself working nights in a bar. McDonalds tried every trick in the book against them. For example, visits from top U. S. executives flying to London for secret settlement negotiations. Even spies. McLibel is not about hamburgers. It is about the power multinational corporations wield over our everyday lives and two unlikely heroes who are changing McWorld. The marketing strategy of McDonald is something that has helped them immensely to become one of the to regain their reputation as the most popular fastfood franchise in the world. Despite that, parents are concern with McDonald’s’ marketing strategy as their little ones are heavily involved in it. That is because McDonald’s marketing strategy is to attract children to eat in their restaurant. There are many ways in how McDonald’s does it. One of them is through the inclusion of the happy meal which is a miniature versions of their normal meals just for children. But what really attracts children is the free toys that is accompanied with the meal. Varying from Strawberry Shortcake toys all the way to Hotwheels, McDonald’s have been employing this tactic of giving away free toys just so that children would choose to eat at McDonalds’. A concerned parent has also taken McDonald’s to court over McDonald’s strategy of giving away free toys. Mrs Monet Parham is suing McDonald’s of â€Å"getting into her child’s mind without her permission†. She felt that her daughter, Maya Parham, is going to McDonald’s and buy the happy meal just for the sake of getting the free toy. Even in other countries, McDonald’s have been attracting children in many ways. Every morning, the McDonald’s staff would give out balloons to the young ones. They even advertise their happy meal on television, about the toys and not the food which comes in the happy Meal. But why Children? The answer to that is because Children always are accompanied by older people. Adults who accompany their children to McDonald’s would also buy food for themselves while they accompany their Child. This is similar to the analogy of catching two fishes with only one bait. You can say that this is unethical, because they’re using children to regain what reputation they lost during the McLibel trial. IV. Conclusion People make mistakes. And since people run this world, it is understandable that whatever it is, if it’s run by a person or a group of people, something could potentially go wrong. If a wrong decision is made, it affects verything within and sometimes outside its territories. â€Å"If public relations practitioners are to assess issues successfully and identify publics that are likely to become active on those issues, they must look beyond the confines of their own culture and beyond the borders of their own country,† Anderson (1992) To sum it all up, Mcdonald’s may have won the battle but they ultimately lost the war. To the majority, Steel and Morris may have looked like ants battling a slowly descending foot, but little did they know that Steel and Morris used Mcdonald’s libel case to their advantage. McDonald’s can afford the best lawyers in town and pay them beyond what they normally receive, they can use their wealth to do a lot of things, but one thing they weren’t able to do with the money they have was to use it to analyze the situation and not underestimate the power of the people which was what they did. Mcdonald’s not only underestimated the people, they also underestimated technology – internet. During the time of the trial, internet became popular. I remember when I first experienced the power of the Internet. I was in elementary school hanging out with a friend. We decided to go to a computer shop and got online to chat. Of course, that led to starting trouble within the chat room and getting kicked out, but the feeling of connecting gave us a sense of power to connect to the world. This power gave the ‘McLibel’ two the opportunity to reach the world, aside from using the tri-media to be heard. With the internet, one voice produce echoes from different people having the same opinion. Another point that Mcdonald’s didn’t notice was money isn’t everything. They may have the finances to employ and hire the world’s best lawyers and pay them double, but that doesn’t mean that the suit is won. Last thing about Mcdonald’s, they forgot to look at the bigger picture. They just focused their attention on people distributing leaflet, which has no assurance that the public would believe, and forgot that by focusing too much on these people and filing cases against them that the media would know, would highlight the whole cause of the people going against them. Mcdonald’s helped these people to spread the things on the leaflet since each and every line on the leaflet would be scrutinized by the media. People may forget all that had happened in the McLibel case after several decades, however, if the internet remains, people will have access to what had happened when Goliath (Mcdonald’s) tripped because of the wit of David (Steel and Morris). V. Personal Learning and Insights I wasn’t aware that Mcdonald’s encountered this kind of problem until the film was shown to us. As someone studying public relations, I must say that this may be the gravest mistake a PR practitioner can ever make. Before taking action, an effective PR practitioner should assess all the possible results of an action. When I say all, I mean all. All the negative and positive outcomes should be taken into consideration since not everything goes according to plan. Mcdonald’s must’ve thought that Steel and Morris being simple citizens couldn’t do much to affect the operation of the company. They underestimated them. And this underestimation caused them to walk down the road of humiliation more than once. Personally, I think Mcdonald’s considered this just a MINOR setback. The corporation may have spent a hefty amount on legal fees but that’s something they can earn overnight. Their reputation may have been tarnished by this incident but like every negative thing there is, it can be forgotten. People now barely remember what happened with this David and Goliath battle. While I applaud the determination of Helen Steel and Dave Morris, I would have to admit that all they did was temporarily hinder Mcdonald’s. They may have closed a store, but the name still lives. Comparing it to a spider, even a leg is unable to move, if the head remains, the animal still lives. I wouldn’t say that what they did was a complete waste of time because they were able to make a difference. They were able to prove that even normal citizens can topple down a giant, even if it was just for a short while. What theyve actually done is to hold McDonalds accountable to society on behalf of society. And I think they are heroes of our time. Dan Gallin, Intl. Union of Food Workers, Witness I do appreciate these two persons in the movie – Helen and Dave. They may have lost the suit but they won the public’s attention. After watching the documentary, I thought a lot and learned that winning a suit doesn’t mean winning the law. As you can see from the movie, Mcdonald’s can use its strong financial resources to employ top lawyers and even to â€Å"control† the court but the ‘McLibel two’ were still able to get their point across. They were able to show people that McDonalds is a symbol of corporate evil using animals, nature and people merely as means to make a profit. The McLibel Trial received worldwide coverage in the media for the right of ordinary people to freedom of speech against powerful multi-nationals. VI. References http://www. mcspotlight. org/case/ http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/McLibel_Case http://www. guardian. co. uk/uk/1996/dec/14/1 http://rationalwiki. org/wiki/McLibel_trial http://brandfailures. blogspot. com/2006/12/brand-pr-failures-mcdonalds-McLibel. html http://www. msnbc. msn. com/id/40237632/ns/business-world_business/t/how-worlds-top-brands-got-started/ http://www. dinesh. com/History_of_Logos/Worlds_Best_Brands_and_Logos/McDonalds_Logo_-_Design_and_Histor y/ http://wiki. answers. com/Q/How_many_customers_does_mcdonalds_serve_each_day http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/List_of_countries_with_McDonalds_franchises ttp://thenewamerican. com/tech-mainmenu-30/computers/4458-the-power-of-the-internet http://www. animalethics. org. uk/i-ch6-5-McLibel. html http://animalrights. about. com/od/companies/a/McDonaldsAnimal. htm http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/McDonald%27s_Restaurants_v_Morris_%26_Steel http://www. mcspotlight. org/case/factsheet. html http://www. naderlibrary. com/mclibel. transcript. htm http://www. jivdaya. org/mclibel_case_the_story. html http://www. vindy. com/news/2011/mar/03/author-be-aware-of-fast-food/ http://physicalliving. com/tag/fast-food-risks/

Critics of Modern Civilization in India

Critics of Modern Civilization in India Critics of modern civilization in India Gandhi presented his critics of modern civilization in Hind Swaraj book, which most people opposed even without reading it. Majority disagreed with the issues that Gandhi discussed, and regarded the book as ridiculous. Jawaharlal was one of the close followers of Gandhi, and he disagreed with the views of Gandhi.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critics of Modern Civilization in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Some people considered Gandhi as a representative of the old ages. The few people, who were interested with the book, did not get a chance to analyze it, as the government banned it as soon as possible (Gandhi 13). During the congress rule, the book was then revived in the market. In the book, Gandhi concentrated on various issues that were affecting the contemporary society. He wanted to realize the reason behind the increment of violence and terrorism trends. This issue had attracted international attention, as everyone looked for violent revolution in India as it was highly increasing. According to Gandhi, in his book, he said that the future of India was interconnected with peaceful events. This idea led to his strong opposition against the growing terrorism and violence. His intention was to introduce an alternative to replace violence and chaotic acts. During this period, British had dominated the Indian land, in efforts of spreading their way of life to the Indians (Gandhi 21). The introduction of formal education with regard to the British system, use of railways, medicine, and the incorporation of the legal system brought much change to the Indian society. Gandhi says that, he decided to examine further, the nature of British colonialism, and he realized the cause of all the problems was the modern civilization. According to his views, he defined modern civilization as more dangerous than colonialism. Adoption of modern civilization w as the cause of the problems that Indians faced. Gandhi tried to compare the modern civilization with the ethical practices of the Indian people, and discovered that the strength of the Indian people depends on their ethical living. Gandhi confessed that, his main theme was preserving the moral characters of the Indians. The question, of successfully convincing the Indians about the negative effects of modern civilization was extremely challenging him. Even the educated people, who could easily understand the evils of modern civilization, were already brainwashed.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More At one point, Gandhi tried to argue and to convince other Indians how the country was degrading, due to accepting the western institutions, and their way of life (Gandhi 35). Gandhi was convinced that the acts of western civilization and the increased cases of violence were inseparable. The only solution according to him was to eradicate the influence of British for the well-being of the Indians. The use of dialogue in Hind Swaraj helped him to convey the message of evils of civilization. The dialogue was between a reader and the editor. He considered the use of dialogue of two equal partners to air the views of challenges faced by the contemporary society, as the most effective. His efforts were to put India in its prominent position with other nations. Gandhi made some arguments of the fact that, the strength of India did not rely on the work of its military, but in Indians ethical behaviors (Gandhi 57). Although, he thought politics played a significant role in solving peoples problems, politicians were supposed to serve people, but not to dominate. Gandhi honored the strength and powers of nationalism, due to its capability in solving the Indians problems. Gandhi made people understand that modern civilization was based on acquiring material wealth, and hence c ould not give ethical living a chance. Indians could not stick to their ethical practices, as they used to rush regularly to grab wealth. The greed for wealth affected the development of the individual’s personality, ethical practices, and moral values, which are relied on promoting peace and cohesion in the society. Gandhi claimed that moral values and admirable qualities were not present in the modern western civilization. The quality of lives for Indian people was to be emphasized through embracing ethical and moral moorings. He emphasized on culture more than civilization, as it was considered the cause of all problems that Indians faced. Factory civilization that resulted from modern civilization affected the value of a human being negatively (Gandhi 61) The introduction of industrialization widened the gap between the wealth people and those below the average. In addition, industrialization resulted to hatred and discrimination among the Indians. Modern civilization led to alienation according to Gandhi. On the other hand, it was also raised that, through class struggle, there would be a high likelihood of violence and hatred among the Indians. Centralization of power was also believed to result to some evils, as only few who will acquire power and dominate the rest. Through industrialization, the cities were believed to grow and expand, hence destroying the harmonious lives in rural areas. Exploitation and acts of inequalities were high in cities and towns than in rural surroundings.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Critics of Modern Civilization in India specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nevertheless, Gandhi still knew of positive effects of western civilization such as the introduction of law and constitutionalism. Western civilization also entailed some positive impacts such as civil liberty, and economic development. On the other hand, Gandhi discovered western civilization mai nly resulted to competition and becoming rich, and greed for power (Gandhi 69). This analysis brought the conclusion that; positive impacts of western civilization were small, compared to the problems it brought. The improvement of people’s quality of life was Gandhi’s principal concern, as opposed to the quantity development aimed by the British. The introduction of modern civilization was making machines overtake men; hence, the human labor was acting like slavery. According to Gandhi western civilization was based on animosity, he declared that even for West modernization was wicked. The views of Gandhi proved that colonialism was one of the many fruits of western civilization. In his book, Gandhi requested the Indians to adopt technology only suitable to their needs (Gandhi 71). He focused his interests mostly about the youths and concentrated much on educational reforms. Kim’s identity Kim is a very intriguing book and most people prefer reading it. The peo ple, who read this book outside India, always developed an urge to visit the place. Kimball O’Hara is the main character in the book, mainly known as Kim. He appears in the first page of the book sitting on enormous cannon in the middle of the city of Lahore. The author of the book portrays Kim fighting other boys, who intended to take his position. On this very day, Kim starts a journey that shapes his life fully later. The hero of the author was this young boy known as Kim. Kim looked and behaved like any other normal Indian. His father was an English man, who died and left Kim with notes specifying his identity. Kim always carried with him those notes concerning the secret of his identity (Kipling 11). Kim was a knowing young boy and ever searching for his identity. Kim accompanied Iama, a Buddhists priest, who wanted to be shown his way to wonder house. It was a fantastic opportunity for him to search what his father had indicated in the notes. Kim’s father had ind icated that one day; Kim would be befriended by a red bull on a green environment, accompanied by colonel on his horse in a group of nine hundred devils (Kipling 39). The definition that his father had given was not clear to Kim about what he meant. It did not dawn on Kim that his father referred to his old Irish regiment, its ruling officer, and its followers of nine hundred men. When Kim found this group of people, he became a player in the great game of Indians spying. He got an opportunity to learn crucial skills such as map reading and map making in st. Xavier, as preparation for his role in Indians exciting game.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Kim disclaims the racist modes of characters and shows the future racial harmony. The identity of Kim is used in the book as the bridge between the colonizers and the colonized. The author of the book tries to demonstrate Kim’s identity crisis and his chameleon like characters (Kipling 66). This is well demonstrated through Kim’s relationships with the natives. The culture aspect of Kim was significantly affected through the interaction of Asian and European practices. Kim’s identity crisis is because of native culture, which he feels being part of it. At a point, Kim considered Mahhub Ali as a traitor, because he betrayed him back to the British. Although Kim felt more superior to other Indians, he demonstrated feelings of closeness to the Indians. The author describes Kim as a â€Å"Friend of the entire world†, which is seen as ironic, as he related with natives in a hatred way. He treated his friends and other natives in a negative attitude, except for the Iama to whom he showed love. Although Kim insisted of perfect equality, he acted negatively when he removed the Indian boys who had occupied his place. He did this because he was English, and English people were superior. Despite that, Kim was a poor boy; the Indian boy whose father was rich could not manage to take Kim’s position. Kim’s identity crisis was felt in all aspects of life. For instance, in st. Xavier where he considered himself a sahib, things were exceedingly different. Other children in school discriminated Kim and gave him unwelcoming response (Kipling 27). In this school, Kim learnt how to behave in a more superior manner over other natives by force. What helped him most throughout the school life was that, he believed he was better compared to other Indians. The blood of white in Kim was seen to prevail, when he decided to join British secret service, and contribute to the fight against Indians. This aspect enforced the author’s belief of genetic differences between races. When Mahbub Ali asked Kim who is exactly his people, Kim responded just like any other colonizer, and declared that great and beautiful land was his answer. The answer, which Kim gave, was a clear show, of the division between him and the natives. It was clear that it was not possible for Kim to do away with his white culture. Kim severally showed fear of snakes, some of the incidences that proved that it was impossible for Kim to escape his British blood (Kipling 45). Other incidences, which portrayed Kim’s identity crisis, were how his mind functioned. For instance, when he was relaxed his mind functioned like a Hindi. When situations of confusion arose and needed to think deep, Kim’s mind functioned like an English person. In several occasions, his mind shifted from the darkness that was burying it, and took refuge in English thinking. Although Kim had lived among natives for many years, the superiority of white blood and culture, could not allow him to believe the illusions of natives. Kim’s identity became questionable, when at times forgot he was a sahib he would later recall that he is a white. For instance, when Kim was in Jain temple he bent down forgetting st. Xavier, forgetting his superior white blood, and even great game. He was in a status of confusion, and could not determine who he was. He went to the extent of asking, â€Å"Who is Kim-Kim-Kim† (Kipling 54). In the same incidence, Kim is heard confessing to a shamlegh woman how he wrestled with his soul until he was strength less. It was clear that, it was not easy for Kim to handle the conflicting cultures and identities that existed in him. There were no fixed contours to define the identity of Kim, because his skin color was undecided, as he was black like any other native, although not very black. Kim was Irish by birth the culture that was dominant in him was Asiatic, but he received treatment of an Englishman. His personality entailed conflicting characters. In addition, Kim did not have a well-defined or social identity, because at a point in the book he is heard asking, whether he is a Hindu, Jain, or Buddhist (Kipling 19). Mahbub Ali who was acting like his biological father could also not define the real identity of Kim. The most confusing point is when Kim could not decide whether he would like to be a sahib with dignity of education or to be a colonized native. He later managed this status of choosing his identity by becoming a colonizer. Gandhi, Mahatma. Hind Swaraj. New Delhi: Rajpal Sons, 2010. Print. Kipling, Rudyard. Kim. New York: Create Space, 2009. Print.

ON WHAT GROUNDS DOES ARISTOTLE CLAIM THAT POLITICS MAKES US TRULY Essay

ON WHAT GROUNDS DOES ARISTOTLE CLAIM THAT POLITICS MAKES US TRULY HAPPY' - Essay Example Hence according to Aristotle happiness consists of a certain way of life, not of certain dispositions. Every activity has a ultimate cause, the good at which it aspires, and Aristotle argues that since there cannot be an never-ending regress of merely extrinsic goods, there must be a highest good at which all individual activity ultimately aims. (Nic. Ethics I 2) This ultimate aim of human life could be called happiness or eudaimonia. While happiness is possibly the best English word to translate eudaimonia, the term eudaimonia also carries implications of success, fulfillment, and prosperity. A person who is eudaimon is not simply enjoying life, but is enjoying life by living successfully Aristotle describes the happy life anticipated for man by nature as one lived in harmony with virtue. By virtues, Aristotle meant the act of achieving balance and moderation. According to Aristotle, The good for human beings, must essentially involve the entire proper function of human life as a whole, and this must be an activity of the soul that expresses authentic virtue or excellence. (Nic. Ethics I 7) Thus, human beings should aspire at a life in full compliance with their rational temperament; for this, the fulfillment of desires and the acquisition of material goods are less significant than the attainment of virtue. A happy person will reveal a personality suitably balanced between reasons and desires, with temperance characterizing all. True happiness or eudaimonia can therefore be achieved only through the fostering of the virtues that make a human life whole. Aristotle is famous for his proclamation that "man is by nature a political animal.† By politics he refers to the communal nature of man. Aristotle does not view politics as a separate science from moral values, but as the successor, and almost a verification of it. Aristotle envisioned politics as an organism, a collection of parts that cannot exist without the other. He describes the

Managing quality and risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing quality and risk - Essay Example management of quality and risk in healthcare settings reveal that CNE’s leadership has the potential of benefiting patients, families and healthcare organizations (Cameron & Masterson, 2000). These findings imply that CNEs should step up and assume leadership roles in healthcare nursing. The rationale is that they will enhance the quality of healthcare services while minimizing risk. Chef nursing executives should lead the journey of managing quality and risk because nurses have been at the forefront of assuring quality and safety in the delivery of healthcare services. Since time immemorial, all healthcare organizations and hospitals have been hiring nurses at levels of service delivery. The role of nurses has been to promote quality while minimizing risk in the delivery of health care services. Some of the most famous nurse leaders include Norma Lang and Marie Zimmer. Lang and Zimmer have promoted quality and safety by developing and testing quality indicators. For very many years, nurses have been complying with their codes of ethics and their professional role. The American Nurses Association states that a nurse is an individual who â€Å"promotes, advocates for, and strives to protect the health, safety and rights of the patient† (Magill-Cuerden, 2007). Florence Nightingale is among the pioneers of the nursing profession, and she made a tremendous contribution to the profession through the development of systems and practices. She noted that the first requirement in a healthcare setting is to ensure that the sick are free from harm. Some of the systems and practices that she introduced in her early days as a nurse are still being used in the current era of nursing practice. Chief Nursing Executives should lead the journey towards achieving quality and safety because they understand the issues. Nurses have been raising concerns that health care is increasingly becoming unsafe for a very long time. On the other hand, administrators, physicians, and

Johann Sebastian Bach Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Johann Sebastian Bach - Essay Example He developed his organs skills after graduating from the in school in 1702 and getting employed as an organist at a church in Arnstad in the year 1703. Johann made a visit to listen to organ music in a church in Lubeck and here he was deeply influenced by the organ music which prompted him to start composing preludes to hymns. Hence most of his compositions after his trip were religious. During the years 1708-1710, Bach received a lot of acclaim for his organ compositions not only from the general public but also from the royalty. I believe that Bach’s music is very soothing and relaxing and has a certain touch of spirituality in it. I really like the music because it has a great feel and touches the heart of the listeners. Even his non religious music is very unique and never fails to provide entertainment. During the final years of his life, he became blind while his health continuously deteriorated. The great composer passed away on 28th July 1750, but his music is still al ive and continues to enchant its listeners. Works Cited Wolff, Christoph. Johann Sebastian Bach: The Learned Musician. New york: W. W. Norton & Company, 2001. Print.

The Aims Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay

The Aims Of Corporate Social Responsibility Commerce Essay In 1960s, people were more concern about ethics in business and feel that company should respond in environment and social more than before. At that time, the aim of company was only maximize profit for investors. As a consequence, a new principle about more responsibility in running business was established. Business ethics are the accepted principles of right or wrong governing the conduct of business people. Kim Y. lecture (2009) The most common issues engage employee, human right and environmental regulations. After that, it was developed to Corporate Social Responsibility or CSR in 1970s. The entirety of CSR can be discerned into the three words contained within its phrase: corporate, social, and responsibility. Therefore, in broad terms, CSR covers the responsibilities corporations have to the societies within which they are based and operate. The University of Maimi (2009) The word corporate means a company that run an activities in order to gain the profit from an investment. Social means a group of people more than 15 people who have relationship or the same goal. The most important word is responsibility which means acceptance both of good and bad effect that occur by the company including the responding to prevent and correct the effect. The real definition of CSR has still discussed although there is considerable common between all of definitions. There are the different definitions. The social responsibility of the firm is to increase its profits. Friedman (1970) The social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical, and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time. Carroll (1979) In the Commissions policy Communication, CSR was defined as a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis. It is essentially to prepare to take to the lead and show the board and stakeholders voluntarily that they take CSR seriously. CSR is a win-win situation that companies increase their profitability and society benefits at the same time. The EUs Lisbon Strategy for Growth and Jobs aims to build a business-friendly environment, so EU CSR policy is consequently compatible with this. Europa press releases (2009) The early CSR models represented by Sethi had three tiers for classifying corporate behavior which he labeled corporate social performance. First level is a social obligation which base on responding to legal and market constraints. Next level is social responsibility which is addressing societal norms, values and expectations of performance. The last level is social responsiveness which base on anticipatory and preventive adaptation to social needs. Sethi, S.P. (1975) Building on the former model, Carroll presented his CSR model as a pyramid that had four classes (economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic) in 1991. Carroll, A.B. (1979) The first class is economic responsibilities. It is a normal objective of company that is being profit. The next step after being profit is legal responsibilities. Law or rule controls the activities of the company. If the company does not obey the law, it might be charged or has to pay penalty fee or tax. These two steps are common in the business. Ethical responsibilities are the next level. The company can choose to do what is right and fair and avoid harm. For example, a company decides to donate some of profit to poor children. The highest level is philanthropic responsibilities which is a voluntary action no rule or no force to command. In 1980s, a new concept of CSR, stakeholder theory, was raised by Freeman. In the traditional view of the company, the shareholders or the owners of the firm get the most importance priority to achieve their need. In this model, the company converts the input of investors, suppliers and employees into salable outputs which customers buy in order to gain returning some capital benefit to the company. By this model, the companies only take in hand the needs of those four parties (investors or shareholders, suppliers, employees and customers). However, stakeholder theory argues that there are more other parties involved such as governmental agents, competitors and civil society. All of stakeholders get effect and take influence by the company. The stakeholder theory like a combination of traditional company and CSR which balances a maximize profit of investors and social responsibility in order to achieve business sustainability. Classifying by business process, there are two steps: CSR in process and CSR after process. Campaigns of reducing emissions or reducing the carbon footprint in production are examples of CSR in process which is not only following CSR campaign but also cost reduction. Other well known campaigns are mostly CSR after process. Europa press releases (2009) According to Wettsteins article about Beyond Voluntariness, Beyond CSR: Making a Case for Human Rights and Justice, CSR is a normative perception dealing with what corporations should do and how they ought to act. It is an inherently moral in nature. It is more than mere compliance with given laws and regulations. So it must automatically be voluntary, not be mandated by laws. WETTSTEIN F. (2009) There are many debates on CSR which is focus on recording of donating a share of their profits to charity by corporation. The core of CSR used to be seen as philanthropic responsibilities, so companies try to represent their social responsibility by increasing donating share of their profits to social. CSR was seen as external force in running a business. It was not a basis for legitimate business conduct but it was an equipment to give something back to the society that was neither commanded nor expected, but rather merely appreciated. Werrstein F. (2009) The examples of CSR Company There are a lot of companies that adopt CSR in their strategy and also a lot of ways to integrate CSR into the company both in process and after process such as donation, producing green products, improvement of human resource and protection an environment. The examples of CSR companies help to understand the step in the global strategic planning process. The first example is fashion field firm. In report about How ethical is your fashion?, Jane Shepherdson, who became chief executive of the Whistles womenswear chain, give her view that we need to be tempted into buying beautiful, ethical, sustainable clothes BBC News website (2008) In report about Primark fires child worker firms, there is more concern about CSR in fashion industry. For example, Nike has responded to consumer concerns about ethical standards by publishing details of all suppliers. Primark, the UK clothing firm on high street, has fired three Indian suppliers due to using child labors to make goods. The sub-contracted suppliers of Primark used child labor to carry out embroidery and sequin work. BBC News website (2008) The next example is in the pharmaceutical field. In 1987, Merck, the second-largest pharmaceutical company in the world and a global leader in consumer products and animal care, lunched the Merck MECTIZAN ® Donation Program (MDP) which is the largest on-going medical donation program. The MDP provides MECTIZAN for the treatment of river blindness in endemic countries. Since 1987, the MDP has approved more than 530 million treatments of MECTIZAN. With only one annual dose, MECTIZAN is well suited for distribution in isolated areas and the only well-tolerated drug known to halt the development of a disease. The company hoped that transmission of river blindness will be interrupted and the disease will be virtually eliminated by the continued use of MECTIZAN. Merck (2006) Marks Spencer (MS) is one of the UKs leading retailers of clothing, food and general merchandise such as womens clothing, menswear, lingerie, beauty and home. The founders of MS believed that building good relationships with employees, suppliers and wider society was the best guarantee of long-term success so they implement CSR in all business unit that have own CSR strategy. Their CSR strategies based around the brand value of trust and balanced with customer needs and all stakeholder expectations and are grouped into three areas which are people products and community. In 2004, MS launched The Marks Start community program focusing in preparing people ready for work. Target groups are the young unemployed, disabled people, parents returning to work and school students. The program provided individuals a taste of life in a working atmosphere and the confidence and ability to achieve employment. MS allocate their employees as a buddy. The program has improved staff morale and contr ibuted to make MS as a great place to work and they felt that they had increased their skills. The philosophy of MS is helping others to help themselves so MS provide knowledge and experience in order to let them stay in the world buy themselves. Article 13 (2005) In 2008, Exxon Mobil Corporation, the U.S.-based energy giant, provided a combined $189.1 million in cash, goods and services worldwide. Rex W. Tillerson, Chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil, said that the goal of our Corporate Citizenship Report in 2008 is to detail our performance and commitment in our most significant citizenship areas: corporate governance, safety and health, environmental performance, managing climate change risks, economic development, and human rights and security. The company pays attention to many social responsibilities such as education, environment, health, womens economic opportunity initiative and worldwide giving. Exxon Mobil received Malaria Award from Global Business Coalition in 2008. Malaria is one of the successful projects. It has fight with Malaria in Africa where the firm operates for more than eight years. The company recognized through their employees in Africa what an impact of malaria on their lives and the economic development. So Exxon Mobil decided to fight against malaria through the companys Africa Health Initiative. Exxon Mobils website (2008) Last but not least, Nestlà © UK has provided assistance to improve farmers livelihoods through productivity and quality improvements including setting up an eco-friendly, post-harvest treatment. Nestlà © is currently helping over 3,500 of the poorest coffee farmers in El Salvador and Ethiopia where has benefited of fair premium prices in trade for high quality Arabica coffee beans. The Partners Blend project helps farmers grow higher quality coffee, develop communities, increase yield and achieve a higher standard of life. With this program, Nestlà © applies sustainable approach to particularly poor producing communities in those areas. After successful in the UK, Ireland and Sweden have followed up that will be launching fair-trade certified coffee products. A long term commitment of Nestlà © is developing sustainable agricultural practices in order to help relieve hardship and poverty for poor farmers. Supporting their farmers also helps Nestlà © to assure continuous supply hi gh quality of coffee beans. This program increases a good reputation and brand of Nestlà © in social responsibility area. Nestlà © (2006) The impact of CSR in the business In tracking the impact of CSR by Jeffrey Marshall, Geoffrey Heal, Garrett Professor of Public Policy and Business Responsibility and professor of economics and finance at Columbia University, was interviewed about impact of CSR. According to the interview, companies are for-profit entities but there is a change going on in terms of the pressures that society puts on businesses to address social and environmental issues. He gave example of companies that pay attention to society and environment. He noted about green company that there are two issues going on this topic. In the one side, customers are willing to pay more if they can buy green product which is likely another factor quality of product. At the same time, the firms are able to increase product price due to insensitive price customer in green products. An argument about short term of financial position of CSR companies was issued in the downturn economic. However, the companies recognize that CSR is long term investment in the brand and reputation. The recruitment is a bunch of different issues. This issue was raised by Mark Tercek, senior executives of Goldman Sachs. It is increasingly critical in recruitment and retention to have a really positive social and environmental profile. New hires concern not just salary or the status of the firm but they want to work for the company that makes them proud to be in that company. CSR is a factor that encourages new hires to work with that company. Jeffrey M (2008) In 2000, the trend of CSR boomed. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and DevelopmentHYPERLINK http://www.oecd.org/ releases guidelines for multinational enterprises. The richest countries in the world launched the rule for their member of blocking company that does not adopt CSR. So without CSR program, lots of traditional company cannot trade with companies in OECD. OECD (2009) Socially Responsible Investment (SRI) or green investment in the past is a new impact from CSR to investment. Ethical Investment means avoiding invest in bad things such as cigarette, alcohol drinks or weapons. There have investment funds which invest only in CSR companies. It is clear that CSR is one way of non tariff discriminations in the modern world. It does not stick as a law but it effect doing business in international environment. The consequences of adopting CSR Learning about the consequences of CSR help to understand the purpose of mission of CSR. What should they do? what have they done? There are many arguments about the consequences of concerning of Corporate Social Responsibility. In this part of report, the advantages or benefits and disadvantages or risk of adopting CSR are discussed. Philip Kotler, Marketing Guru, gave an opinion about benefits of CSR. He mentioned that the first benefit is increasing sale volume and market share. He noted that it is not directly relate between CSR and profit. But CSR provides more opportunity for company that concern about CSR. Philip K. 2005 At lease, Working with CSR is better than does not. Reduction on cost of goods sold is another benefit. In the business process, if the firm can drive out more quality of employees or cut out some substances from processes that means reduce cost of process as well. Philip K. 2005 There is often a direct benefit to profitability. CSR is not only for external society but also internal responsibility. If the companies pay attention to their employees such as training , environment in work place and work-life balance, this increase satisfaction and loyalty from their employments. This also helps productivity and product quality. Europa press releases (2009) However, Public relationship which is the way that companies communicate with public and marketing are the next issue. If the companies present their CSR news, it encourages and sparks correspondents and investors to pay attention in the company. Philip K. 2005 Moreover, an advantage of company image, brand and reputation is another advantage of CSR. Europa press releases (2009) The benefit is brand positioning and reputation. Philip K. 2005 In Philips perspective, CSR is a challenge of the company. It is not easy or too difficult to achieve CSR. He recommended three step of developing CSR. First is choosing the suitable topic and then pick the popular or innovation way. Last step is implementing and present the success. Finally, evaluation is important to be a lesson in the future. Philip K. 2005 In Business green website, it raises the issue that green consumer spending defies the downturn. In this difficult economic climate, consumer spending generally drops. But a major report shows that green market products and services grow by a recession-busting five percent or  £6.4 billion in value. According to the report by Guardian newspaper, customer expenditure rose on a various range of green products and services such as green energy tariffs, energy-efficient appliances and small-scale renewable energy projects. However, it noted that while the green market has defied expectations and continued to grow steadily in recent years, this sector still accounts for less than one per cent of total consumer expending. Cath E. (2009) Even though, this is an economic downturn or economic crisis but CSR remains a priority for the companies being part of long-term strategy. Although, in this situation, the companies might be pressure to reduce their CSR projects. As the same time, in short-term strategy, the board should advocate that companies especially in financial department pay more attention on ethics and social needs. Overall, thoughtfulness of short-term social needs and long-term strategy should persuade companies to keep to their CSR strategies through this downturn time. Europa press releases (2009) Many of the global problems we are facing today cannot be solved by any single actor alone anymore. They require joint action of a variety of actors and sectors, all with a genuine interest in truly global solutions. Multinational corporations must offer their support where their expertise is key for improving the global human rights situation. New forms of governance such as public policy networks or other forms of public-private partnerships have become increasingly effective in addressing complex global problems. WETTSTEIN F. (2009) Conclusion From the past, the traditional view of the role of the company is only maximizing their profit for investors. If the company avoids destroying environment or hiring child labor, it only causes by the law. In the new view of the role of the company or CSR program, the company concerns more in their employees, human rights, environment and corruption. CSR is not rule; the companies do not have to follow but them willing to do the good thing to society and respond for the effect of their actions. As can be seem in examples, there are more and more companies that adopt CSR in their strategy. The biggest advantages of being with CSR are reputation and reduce cost of goods sold. There also are a lot of issues around CSR and CSI that should be research in detail for impact of concerning on social.

Dropping the C-bomb Essay -- Feminism

It’s one of the oldest idioms that inevitably the majority of us have heard as a youth on a playground: â€Å"Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words can never hurt me.† Unfortunately, this old phrase isn’t entirely true—it doesn’t define which words are hurtful, the context they are used in, or its historical context. In fact, words can be powerful. There are a number of words in language, that are both negative and offensive, that have been used to oppress a specific group. Their history has produced such a negative symbolic power and creates such a stigma, that they possess the ability to harm or injure. â€Å"Cunt† is such a word. The word â€Å"cunt† used in modern language carries a heavy offensive potency in just one syllable. Saying phrases such as â€Å"You’re a cunt!† â€Å"Stop being such a cunt† or â€Å"You fucking cunt† for those with more gusto for its use, reveals the misogyny that the word possesses. After all, â€Å"cunt† is another, albeit derogatory, word for vagina and (most) females have a vagina; and the vagina is the central powerful symbol for femininity. What does it mean then to essentially be a â€Å"vagina† (read cunt)? Furthermore, as a woman, what does it mean to have such a pejorative word aimed towards you with the intent to offend, harm, and essentially oppress one’s own femininity? Yet, as British journalist Zoe Williams states, the word â€Å"vagina† is not used to insult women; however, cunt† is. To be called a â€Å"cunt,† then, suggests that the offender is attempting to dishonor this very symbol of womanhood, by scandalizing the word in attempt to claim and perpetuate its pejorative power, thus diminishing the woman, and inadvertently her power. Attitudes towards the usage of the word â€Å"cunt† reveal its pejorative power and the ... .... . Hunt, Matthew. "Cunt: Etymology." The Works of Matthew Hunt. Web. Dec. 2010. . Muscio, Igna. "Cunt: A Declaration of Independence." Share Book Recommendations With Your Friends, Join Book Clubs, Answer Trivia. Web. Dec. 2010. . "TV's Most Offensive Words | Media | MediaGuardian." Latest News, Comment and Reviews from the Guardian | Guardian.co.uk. 25 Nov. 2005. Web. Dec. 2010. . "Zoe Williams: The Feminist Mistake | Comment Is Free | The Guardian." Latest News, Comment and Reviews from the Guardian | Guardian.co.uk. 14 June 2006. Web. Dec. 2010. .

Reflective Paper/Generational Poverty Essay

Generational Poverty creates a strong family oriented environment that is a bond that most children refuse to want to break by leaving home. Most of the children that are raised in poverty have a lack of education resulting in a high dropout rate due to frustration in learning or teen pregnancy. Children become possessions to their parents instead of someone that they should teach and prepare for them to move out on their own to achieve success for their families. The older children tend to take care of the younger children forming a sense of belonging to the family resulting in the children to be afraid of leaving home ever. Single parents tend to work longer hours resulting in the inability to educate their children resulting with lower test scores in school causing educational boundaries that could cause illiteracy with children wanting to drop out because of anger and depression with the inability to learn and keep up with the other children. There is a lack of cultural experiences to other environments due to lack of money or transportation to and from areas of culture. This can present language issues where children only know certain words and the specifics of communicating what their needs are expressed unsuccessfully due to being uneducated. (Entertainment, 2006) As the children grow into being teens their lack of education could cause a severe resistance to wanting success or achieve greater paying jobs. This could lead to illegal activities such as the making and selling of drugs to earn money to support their children or to a life of crime and theft. The men that frequent the homes are either lovers or fighter and they come and go in and out of the lives of the woman and children, mostly because they may be wanted by law enforcement. This could lead to the children having a lack of food to sustain proper nutrition based on the large families and low income that the parents bring home. (Entertainment, 2006) Planning for the future is crucial in everyone’s life; this provides more stability for families so that they feel secure for their futures. However, in generational poverty there is an inability to plan or save money for the future due to a lack of income. So planning is nearly impossible because they don’t know where they might be from day to day. Without having any bank accounts or having a mind set to handle money, they use every penny that comes into the household for survival, entertainment or relationships only; there is no security for the future so living in the present is all that populations of generational poverty can do. With an assumption of unemployment most of the members of generational poverty turn to house cleaning, doing peoples hair or nails and even babysitting for extra income to supplement some money that is needed. They have no concept for long term careers and hold a variety of jobs creates a common thought of no future security for not only th e adults but this mentality also passes onto the children who are victims of generational poverty. (Entertainment, 2006) Most of the long term jobs that generational poverty members have are dwindling as there is not a need for so many workers in the agricultural fields. Coal mines are closing down; there is despair in the towns where work was once abundant now the merchants are closing causing citizens to move away from the area. Now there are a lot of drugs, theft and generalized crime. The economy is shifting from manufacturing to a service economy and many of those in generational poverty can’t go along with that shift based of lack of educational experience to help them achieve higher pay, so in the end the manufacturing workers are relying on state assistance for food, money and medical. This becomes mentally instilled into the minds of the children that are being raised with little or no money that it is okay to be on state assistance and live that way for many years resulting in misuse of the system. In the 1960’s Oscar Lewis introduced the â€Å"Poverty Culture† as they learn from each other resulting in forming a â€Å"new normal† that includes the undesired to work and have no education, with this shift we could see a lot of generational poverty groups shifting from TANF to SSI. (Entertainment, 2006) Members of generational poverty are considered to be under classed where they can’t or won’t and are non-participating in work search help agencies. These people are in great demand for food, beds, clothes and school supplies where they are unprepared to participate in the main stream day to day due to illiteracy. With the under developed skills there are more school drop outs, more teen pregnancies and higher unemployment rates. Poverty stricken individuals are likely to abuse every governmental assistance program and get away with abusing the system as each system is not connected with one another. (Entertainment, 2006) As rare as it is some do break the cycle of poverty to poverty proving that the myths involved with not being able to escape poverty and the cultural shock of success is possible. It may take 10-15 years more to fully understand generational poverty. We know that most of those who are classed in poverty just settle for where they are because of not being educated and a lack of desire to succeed fearing that they will not be accepted back into their families if they make it out of the poverty level. With their mind set being that they are illiterate they feel that they can’t get jobs so therefore they don’t even try to better themselves. This effects educators in teaching children because of lack of social cognitive skills to successfully communicate their needs and to be about to read and write on the same level of children their own age, the value on a good education is not transferred to generational poverty children. Educators at school want to help children to excel academically, but when a value is not placed on learning it makes it difficult for teachers to have a strong desire to want to help those who don’t help themselves to succeed, resulting in poorer quality of education at home, with peers and in the environment where roles are played. Parents are not taking the time that is needed to teach their children, most of the children are considered â€Å"latch key† kids or in daycare after school until they can get off work presenting a lack of supervision for the children to take their studies seriously leading to a higher dropout rate among generational poverty children. Schools are beginning to implement more structure to help those who desire to overcome generational poverty however change cannot occur over night and the first thing that needs to change is the attitude of the child before escape from generational poverty can be made. Without motivation or the will to improve their situation then the cycle cannot be broken, therefore a good solid education is the first thing that needs to be accomplished so that the cycle can be broken and children of generational poverty can succeed in breaking the cycle. (Diller, 2011) (Entertainment, 2006) AGED FACING ACCESS TO EMPLOYMENT The challenges that the aged face when there is a lack of access to employment begin with governmental forces that are pushing the aged out at 67 to receive SSI and Medicare. Companies are laying off the higher paid older employees to open up positions for younger lower paid employees who may have higher educational experience to navigate the changing from a manufacturing work environment to the service environment in which some of the aged face as problems due to a lack of educational experience. This leaves the aged with no health care and forced to take demeaning demanding jobs that they cannot successfully work because of their age and that they do not have the energy or abilities to overcome unemployment. This situation results in the need for them to spend their savings long before they intended to use it or that they have no savings because they have helped their children and supported them through the years. (Phoenix, 2013) UNIQUE CHALLENGES WOMEN FACE Women are faced with more life changing decisions then men, such as having a child is for life rather than having the option to bail when life gets to tough. Facing society looking down upon her when she chooses a career over staying at home and raising her child is scrutinized even though the woman knows that she loves and cares for her children, the way society looks upon her may stress her out. If a young woman marries a wealthy man she can devote her time and energy to raising her children without having to work. However if a woman chooses love over money then working to provide for her family is what she has to do despite what society thinks about her providing instead of staying at home and raising her children. Facing any stage in life is difficult if the woman is not equipped with a way to handle or deal with the daily stress of an ever changing life with their husband, children, career and just life in general. (unknown) (Coleman, 2012) PERSONAL PERSPECTIVE AND THE WAY I WILL APPROACH THE SPECIAL POPULATIONS Personally I did not realize the impact that generational poverty has on the communities where they are residing in. I knew that there were those who were poor, however, the generational poverty community is much worse off than I could have ever imagined. Being a mother, I could never imagine not teaching my child right from wrong or even the basic math equations that would help her to succeed in school. Life is full of many different lifestyles and cultures but pure ignorance in the education of young children is one that should not be tolerated by anyone. Educators who try to help the children of generational poverty are doing their best to help the children want to have the desire to succeed but the parents or older children at home have made it clear that leaving would devastate their parents, so the only that young children feel that they can do is drop out of school so that they can lead the same life as their siblings before them. As for the unemployment that the aged face because companies are deciding to force retirement, this is wrong and creates societal problems of the need to take care of the elderly or for them to seek out caring individuals to manipulate to care for them because of the lack of family support. Advocates within the community should be helping the elderly to find resources that are being abused by generational poverty victims and help the elderly get of governmental assistance. The changes that women face day to day are many that I face as I approach 40 years of age. My daughter is getting taller, stronger, and older and is not a baby any more, resulting in a desire to have more children. However as women get older their ability to have children has either been surgically removed or they feel that the risks are too high for them to have children. These types of stressors can result in depression, lack of sex drive and just an overall feeling of despair. Learning about these different aspects of life has been rewarding and changed the way that I think how I will approach those who are dealing with so many different cultures. I will more sensitive to those who are older, less fortunate and just going through some changes that they are facing in day to day life. Works Cited Coleman, K. (2012, October 24). Equal Pay For Equal Work: Not Even College Helps Women. Retrieved from NPR: http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2012/10/24/163536890/equal-pay-for-equal-work-not-even-college-helps-women Diller, J. V. (2011). Cultural Diversity. A Primer for the Human Services. In J. V. Diller, Cultural Diversity. A Primer for the Human Services. Cengage Learning. Entertainment, L. I. (Director). (2006). Born with a Wooden Spoon: Welcome to Poverty U.S.A. (Characteristics of Generational Poverty)(Breaking the Cycle of Generational Poverty) [Motion Picture]. Phoenix, U. o. (2013). Understanding the Depth of Challenges

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