Role of the UN in Peace-Support Operations

Role of the UN in Peace-Support OperationsTHE ROLE OF THE UN IN inter delegacy-SUPPORT OPERATIONS A CASE STUDY OF MALIINTRODUCTIONSince the transformation of ontogenesis of modern separate system following the treaty of west phalli in 1648, the inter populational system has witnessed so m some(prenominal) challenges ranging from competitivenesss, under-development, authoritarian, bad g everyplacenance etc. This is due it the anarchy nature of the global system.Since the creation of the join nation after world war II in t 1945 the presidency has been saddled with the responsibility of maintain global recreation and surety and to hamper the outbreak of another world war.Peace tide over operating rooms has been iodin argona the united nations has actually carried out in various states that bind witnessed long protracted participations which includes Africa, Latin America, middle-east and Europe. It is in this light that this research physical composition will try to look at the role of the united Nations in pink of my John support operations using the conflict in Mali as its thrust at analysis.METHODOLOGYThis study will look at secondary method of data analysis In order to realise the nature and dynamics of love-in-idleness support operations. Sources include books and internet.UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONCEPTSIn order to look at the subject of discourse, it is important to understand certain(a) concepts which I belief will help me in presenting my analysis.What is Conflict? check to the oxford learners dictionary, conflict is defined as a power in which people, conclaves, countries be involved in a serious variance or argument or violent situation or spot of rubbish between two countries. Conflict understructure also be seen as a situation in which there are opponent ideas, opinions, feeling or wishes.Wallensteen, (2002), said A conflict requires a challenge comp actability two parties strive to acquire at the same time an usable set of s carce resources, which can be either material or in material.What is Peace Support Operation?The purpose and convention of the united nation charter is to restore and maintain peace. Peace support operation is the operation that makes use of diplomatic, civil, and military to bring about peace and stability in the states.Since the end of the cold war, peace support operation has been utilized by international countries to respond to crisis and promote peace in countries undergoing challenges of war, violence etc.Overview of the Conflict in MaliThere cast been on-going uprisings of conflicts in Mali since the early 1960s till date .the first tuareg conflict started in 1963 but the not last a year because it was low-toned by the military depicts under the command of captain Diby sillas diarra.in June 1990 another tuareg revolution broke out when the leader Ag Ghali of the popular movement of the firing of azawad (MPLA) attacked a police post with a small group of solders who ha s meet returned from an army camp in Libya. This conflict later was dissolved in a peace treaty of the Algerian brokered and a national treaty of 1992. The resent conflict in Mali began on the 16th of January 2012 between the political sympathies forces and Tuareg rebels which resulted to the death of more than 200,000 people according to the report by the united nation. These group of rebels where fighting for the independence or greater autonomy for Federal Mali in an area known as azawad. The rebels formed a group known as movement for the liberation of azawad (MNLA).The group is aimed at fighting to make azward an independent homeland for the tuareg people and this organization was formed in 2011.However the African union, U.S.A, E.U failed to recognize their independence, also the guarantor Council stated the learn to uphold and respect the sovergnity unity and countryal integrity of Mali and rejected any deceleration of independence in Mali. By late May 2012 the Malian government activity rejected the north independence also. The rebels lost control over the new state which northern Mali, which led to the takeover of the north by the Islamism militant. This caused ethnic tension in Mali since the north was taken over by the Islamic groups. The people of Mali feared the intent of sharia law in the region and a possibility of establishing terrorist activities.The Role of UN in Conflict Mediation in the Malian conflictThe join Nations was formed on the 24th of October 1945, soon after the end of the Second World War. It was a successor of the conference of Nations. This organization was formed to prevent the outbreak of another war since the partnership of Nations failed to prevent the Second World War. In 1945, 51 members met at San Francisco and write the United Nations charter and the UN came into existence. There are authorizedly 192 member of the United Nations, the headquarters which is at New York City USA. The United Nations has 6 acc epted languages which are Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russia and Spanish. There are 6 organs in the UN these are the superior widely distributed assembly, Security Council, economic and neighborly council, secretariat, the international court of referee and the trusteeship council. Under the Security Council we suffer 15 members which 5 is the unchanging (France, USA, UK, china and Soviet Union). The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security and also determines the existence of a treat of peace or acts of aggression from a state to another. The Security Council doesnt just act on crisis, it takes time to debate and actd on the best possible right smart to enshroud a problem. Following the written report of the former secretary general Boutros Boutros Ghali in 1992 an agenda for peace, it is the responsibility of the un security council to recognize the confinement of peace keeping and also the abstainace of war doesnt ensure pea ce and security. The UN Security Council should put heads together to give the best solution for the problems at hand in matters to conflict and war. In the case of the Mali crisis the Malian government sent letters to the UN requesting the use of international force. Since the security general doesnt just carry out orders like that they have to debate and negotiate about it, while they were doing so the French felt compelled to act immediately in other to stop the crisis from escalating and causing increasing damage. Although the French was invited by the government of Mali people still question their use of force, France defended itself saying that they have the right to collective self-defense authorized by the un secretary general in the resolution 2085 (ordered in 20th December 2012).Since the United Nations Security Council couldnt launch military interventions under its own command, it gave the use of force and planning to the ECOWAS, AU and other states.CHALLENCES FACING UN ITED NATION PEACE KEEPING MISSIONS-Even though the United Nations has been able to achieve singular success iits is faced with some challenges. The Following are some of the challenges go about the United Nations Missions1 FINANCIAL CHALLENGEUnlike sovereign- states whose financial capabilities are usually gotten from diverse channel, the United Nations rely solely on contributions from members state to be able to carry out its duties effectively. Mediating in conflict and peace resolution is an expensive project which requires mobilization of resources in order to palliate and also ensuring the degree of success in the operation.2 Absence of a UN Permanent Army other challenge facing peace-keeping operation and mission is the absence of a UN permanent Armed forces for carrying such missions. Most quantify the organization rely on member states to send her own man to the organization so as to carry out this mission in which the countries do not really want to there army.3 geog raphic and Social Cultural challenge-One of the success of any scrapper involved in any peaceful resolution of conflicts is their degree of adaptability to the social cultural and geographical location of the country it used in. most measure the UN troops are taken to regions and areas they have little or no background knowledge on.4 The Challenge of Clarity of the MandateAnother challenge facing the success of peace keeping operations is the lose of a clean-cut mandate and objective the mission. The absence of a clear-cut objective of the mission is also another challenge facing the United Nations peace keeping missions.CONCLUSION-In conclusion, the paper tries to look at the role of the united nation in the Mali conflict and the challenges they face. If the organization can be able to see other streams of getting revenue or funds it will also go a long way in reducing some of the financial mishaps it is facing particularly as it relates to Peace-Keeping operations and other hu manitarian aid it offers. The United Nations should try and have Its own permanent stand by army without relying solely on member states to help them when it want to mediate in any conflict resolution The study was able to look at concepts such as the United Nations, and the Malian conflict.REFERENCESConflict prevention available at www.bmlv.gv.at/pdf-pool/pubikationen/konfliktpraev_02_concept-challenges_e_melander-c-pigache-10.pdf accessed 20/12/2013.A/RES/47/120. An agenda for peace at www.un.org/document/ga/res/47/a478/20.htm accessed 20/12/2013.Mali current conflict www.geneva-academy.ch/RULAC/current=conflict.php?id_state=137 accessed 21/12/2013.United Nations Official Website www.un.org accessed 27/12/2013.International relations and security network www.isn.ethz.ch/digital-libary/publications/detail/?id=3481