Detailed Proposal Of Project Engineering Essay

The finish of this exploration is to plan and examination of 3-stage brushless enduring magnet ( PM ) engine. Brushless PM engines become a contribution as it generally utilized in mechanical autonomy, car, machine instruments, elite industry applications and collection of modern application. The main grounds why brushless PM machines are so broadly utilized because of their high proficiency and torsion thickness which are higher to that of commencement, exchanged hesitance and synchronal hesitance machines. The endeavor will influence two boss stages: the structuring of the machine using Finite Element Analysis and the examination of the reenactment outcome. Reenactment study can significantly straightforwardness to planing the machine while keeping up the ideal equipment aspect in head. The deliberate machine ought to be competent to run into open introduction particular, for example, high-octane thickness, high effectiveness and low cogging torsion. Torque thickness and back EMF a re two of the most significant parametric amount to be resolved in brushless machine plan, changes in weaving understanding, opening and post figure will possibly affect the back EMF, and torsion determined for the brushless PM engine. To run into the interest, some issue should be consider such to be decision of post figure, weaving understanding, rotor topology, engine structure, enduring magnet stuff and machines size.C ( three )Detailed proposition of undertaking:( a ) Problem proclamation *motivationThe plan of brushless PM engines is non a basic endeavor. All things considered, comprehension of attractions, gadgets, mechanics, thermodynamics and material logical order is required. Thusly, the electrical and mechanical connections are of import and ought to be taken into history in planing the brushless PM engine. Torque thickness and back EMF are two of the most significant parametric amount to be resolved in brushless machine structure. Changes in weaving understanding, openi ng and post figure will conceivably affect the cardinal connections such magnetomotive power ( MMF ) , back EMF, and torsion determined for the brushless PM engine. For these grounds, it is of import to design a machine with less parasitic torsion, to promise it will deliver smooth mechanical revolving movement.( B ) Objective ( s ) of the UndertakingDesign and investigation of 3-stage brushless enduring magnet engine are the motivations behind the exploration. The machine ought to be fit to run into open introduction detail, for example, high-octane thickness, high effectiveness, low cogging torsion and motion debilitating capablenesss. To achieve these reasons, the points of this exploration are figured as follows: To gauge a 3-stage brushless PM engine with orderly post and inset-mounted enduring magnet rotor. To investigate the parasitic result nearness in the machine. To execute the reenactment overview for the plan using Finite Element Analysis.( degree Celsius ) Project ScopeThis research covers the examination, structure and advancement of rotational 3-stage brushless enduring magnet ( PM ) engines. Brushless PM engines can be separated into the PM synchronal AC engine ( PMSM ) and PM brushless DC engine ( PM BDCM ) , relying upon the back EMF wave structure. The stuffs presented in this examination undertaking accent on brushless PM synchronal engine with sinusoidal back EMF and are driven by sinusoidal flows. Spiral transition covered engines are considered since this comprise are the most widely recognized type of brushless PM engines. This endeavor is concentrates more on electromagnetic and mechanical structure then again of thermic features. Rotor topology in this examination undertaking was restricted to two kinds, which is inset enduring magnet and specialist post rotor. 2-D Finite Element Analysis will be utilized to make a truly alter ed form of engine development and to investigate the conduct of the structured engine.( nutrient D ) Literature ReviewPresently, the brushless PM engines offer an alluring arrangement in the combination of use because of their high productivity and force thickness. All brushless PM engines are developed with electrical turns on the stator and enduring magnets on the rotor [ 1 ] . Since only the stator holding winding, this engine has understood the activity on the engine with informal breakfast. Absence of coppice and commutator in these engine lead to no mechanical contact, subsequently, can chop down conflict, expands reliability, and diminishes the expense of care. Brushless PM engines can be isolated into two classes, which is AC or DC, contingent upon the back EMF wave structure. PM synchronal AC engine ( PMSM ) are sort of AC engine since it have a sinusoidal back EMF and are driven by sinusoidal flows. PM brushless DC engine ( PM BDCM ) with trapezoidal-incited voltage and driven by rectangular throb flows are sorted as DC machine. Stator turns and how the figure of twists and their understanding in the stator overlays incredibly impact the cardinal connections, for example, magnetomotive power ( mmf ) , back EMF, and torsion for both classification of machines [ 1 ] , [ 2 ] . Brushless PM engine resembles an inception engine and all other engine that contain two boss part. The stationary bit that incorporates the spirals of wire is called stator and the moving or rotating segment that caries the enduring magnet is called rotor. In the middle of rotor and stator there is an air-hole that isolates the two sections. Ordinarily, the rotor is set inside the stator. This structure is more secure in light of the fact that the stator outside can move as a shield to the spinning segment. Be that as it may, it is other than workable for the rotor to execute on the outside of the stator. This sort much of the time called as outside rotor or back to front rotor. It demonstrates to hold higher productive than inside rotors [ 2 ] . Brushless PM engine can be built in two essential structure ; outspread motion or pivotal transition type. In spiral transition type, the stator turns and enduring magnets are organized radially. In this way, the attractive field is appropriated in outspread path between the stator and rotor. This kind of engine is the most widely recognized type of engine and increasingly good because of minimisation of electric weight brought about by the nearness of stator openings. For outspread transition engine, the attractive field are going in hub route over the air-hole inside the engine. This engine takes after a battercake structure. Little size and rough structure qualities make this sort of engine favored for in numerous applications. In these engine, the figure of Cu utilized are restricted caused stator turns will in general be air-hole turns. Thus, whole of replenishing probability can be bound [ 8 ] . There are numerous approaches to put enduring magnets on the rotor [ 2 ] . To a great extent, there are three essential topologies of brushless PM machine. Surface-mounted enduring magnet ( SPM ) rotor has magnets mounted on the rotor surface and going up against the air spread, while inside enduring magnet ( IPM ) rotor has covered magnets inside the rotor. SPM rotors offer higher air-hole transition thickness in light of the fact that the magnet straight faces the air-hole. Charge route for this star grouping is only in outspread. Disservices of SPM rotor heavenly body are lower toughness as they are non intently fitted into the rotor covers to their full thickness. In this way, SPM rotors are non favored for rapid applications. IPM rotor is perfect for high speed application due to the structure is intended to be naturally hearty. There is another sort of rotor topologies alluded as surface-inset rotor which is consolidate a few preferences of both surface mounted and inside endur ing magnet engines [ 7 ] . This understanding is all the more naturally vigorous contrasted with SPM rotor as the magnets do non unmistakable out of the rotor covers invigorating it mechanical from winging out [ 2 ] . Weaving understanding is one of the of import constituents to be considered in planing a brushless machine. Its understanding will locate the engine back EMF whether it is sinusoidal or trapezoidal back EMF. Weaving understandings which are most regularly utilized for 3-stage spiral transition brushless PM engine can be named covering and non-covering [ 3 ] . Conveyed and thought is sort of covering turn and every now and again used for air conditioning activity because of sinusoidal back EMF created. Concentrated weaving with either all dentitions or bounce dentitions wound is a kind of non-covering turn that intend to get trapezoidal back EMF wave structure. The correct turn for a machine is extremely much a guide of the shaft figure and opening figure and whether there is single-layer or twofold layer bend [ 3 ] . The kind of magnet utilized will hold an extraordinary outcome on the engine open introduction and cost [ 3 ] . There are four classifications of current attractive stuffs, each dependent on their material forming. Inside every classification is a gathering of classs with their ain attractive belongingss. These general classifications are ; Neodymium Iron Boron, Sm Co, fired and Alnico. Among the accessible PM stuffs, Alnico magnets can hold transition densenesss identical to delicate attractive chainss however they get simple demagnetized because of lower estimations of coercive power when contrasted with artistic magnets [ 5 ] . Artistic magnets are affordable yet their maximal vitality thickness stock is low because of lower estimations of memory. Uncommon Earth and Sm Co metals have relatively great attractive belongingss, yet they are costly. Other than polymer fortified uncommon Earth magnets, for outline, ferrite and Co based metallic magnets are genuinely troublesome and bric kle. Along these lines, decision of the impossible to miss PM stuff is application specific ; in any case, Neodymium-Iron-Boron ( Nd-Fe-B ) uncommon earth magnets are more sought after on the grounds that they give the most noteworthy vitality thickness and higher residuary transition thickness than others.( nutrient E ) MethodologyPhase 1: Literature Reappraisal Exploring through books, articles, journals and the internet beginnings to reevaluate the plan issues and strategy for brushless PM engines. Discover what the accessible building in the market, and what the best assault to run into configuration request. Stage 2:

Contract Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Agreement Law Questions - Essay Example In addition, the reason for impartial estoppel is to forestall an unconscionable exercise of rights by one gathering to achieve noteworthy weakness to another party2. In this manner, for instance, if an outsider, for example, a purchaser has endured noteworthy burden because of the dependence on a guarantee made by a maker, help might be agreed by the Court on grounds of value and avoidance of unconscionable exchanges. Value will decide help as opposed to formal authoritative arrangements and this position has outweighed everything else in a few cases - value has been recognized as a correct that will give alleviation to a gathering who has been off-base by the unconscionable exercise of a lawful legally binding party.3 This could be the premise that can be effectively used to bypass the regulation of privity in contract. There are sure independent legally binding necessities that have been spread out for minors on the grounds that the law classes them in the gathering of individuals who are intellectually weakened and along these lines unequipped for going into a coupling contract with anybody. A minor may go into contracts just for necessities, for example, food, attire and different supplies, which do exclude extravagance supplies4. On account of such things too, a minor isn't committed to follow through on the full authoritative cost however may address a lower cost, which is reasonable.5 Therefore, applying this to Toby’s case, the providing food of food things for a gathering can't be carefully classified under necessities and since Toby, as a minor, is considered by law to be intellectually unequipped for going into an agreement or of understanding the legitimate consequences that accumulate structure legally binding commitments, his case that he doesn't need to pay is probably going to hold great under the law.

Factors Affecting Rate of a Reaction, Chemistry Design Lab free essay sample

There are a few factors that influence the pace of a response. Some of them being Pressure (if the reactants are Gases), Temperature, Presence of a Catalyst, Surface Area of the reactant, and Concentration. As per the Collision Theory, during a response, particles crash into one another and respond if the geometry of the impact is right. In this Experiment, we will research the impact of changing groupings of Potassium Iodide on its response with Hydrogen peroxide, which will remain at a fixed fixation. This response may likewise be known as the ‘Iodine Clock Reaction. ’ The pace of the response will be estimated by timing the response between Hydrogen Peroxide, Potassium iodide, and Sodium Thiosulphate. Sodium Thiosulphate is utilized as a deferring component as the response between the two primary reactants is too fast to even consider measuring. The Sodium Thiosulphate will respond with the Iodine [III] particles (the item) first and when the all the Sodium Thiosulphate has responded, at that point the rest of the Iodine particles will frame a blue-dark arrangement in view of the expansion of Starch into the arrangement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Elements Affecting Rate of a Reaction, Chemistry Design Lab or then again any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The Ionic Equation for this response is: (aq. ) + 2S2O32-(aq. ) ? 3I-(aq. ) + S4O62-(aq. ) H2O2 (aq. ) + 3I-(aq. ) + 2H+ ? (aq. ) + 2H2O (l. ) A stopwatch will be utilized to quantify the time taken for the blue-dark shade of the answer for totally spread the â€Å"X† set apart on the tile the tapered carafe is remaining on. Factors: Independent Variable: Concentration. (The changing groupings of Potassium Iodide. ) Dependent Variable: Rate of the Reaction. (The measure of time taken for the blue-dark starch complex to cover the ‘X’ set apart on the tile. ) Control Variables: I. Centralization of the Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Thiosulphate. ii. pH of the Nitric Acid used to ferment the Hydrogen Peroxide Solution. iii. Volume of Potassium Iodide Solution, Hydrogen Peroxide Solution, Nitric Acid, Starch and Sodium Thiosulphate utilized. iv. The temperature of the climate each time the trial is directed. v. The contraption utilized ought to continue as before in order to stay away from minor mistakes. Speculation: My theory is that the pace of the response will increment as focus increments and will at that point consistent and remain the equivalent. This is on the grounds that the impact hypothesis expresses that on the off chance that the quantity of particles of one of the reactants expands, at that point the opportunity of crash between the two reactants is higher, therefore expanding the pace of the response. The Potassium Iodide particles will increment and the recurrence of their impacts with Hydrogen Peroxide particles will likewise build, making them respond speedier. I conjecture that as I increment the grouping of the Potassium Iodide Solution, the rate at which the blue-dark starch complex covers the ‘X’ checking on the tile, will likewise increment until a point where the rate will continue as before because of the considerable number of particles having just got done with responding. 1 The pace of the response is straightforwardly corresponding to the centralization of a reactant. Grouping of Potassium Iodide ? Time taken for ‘X’ to get secured. Mechanical assembly: Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Solution (1. 500  ± 0. 001)g of Potassium Iodide (KI) Powder Sodium Thiosulphate (NaS2O3) Solution Weaken Nitric Acid (HNO3) Solution Starch Solution Tile checked ‘X’ Conical Flask Digital Stopwatch ( ±0. 01seconds) Measuring Cylinder ( ±0. 5cm3) Electronic Balance ( ±0. 001g) Distilled Water Procedure: 1. Get ready Potassium Iodide (KI) arrangement by dissolving (1. 500  ± 0. 001) g of Potassium Iodide Powder into (50. 0  ± 0. 5) cm3 of Distilled Water. 2. Make 5 unique (10. 0  ± 0. 5) cm3 arrangements of various convergences of KI. Volume of KI Solution ( ±0. 5) cm3 Volume of Distilled Water ( ±0. 5) cm3 Total Volume of KI Solution ( ±1. 0) cm3 Concentration of KI Solution (Mol. KI/dm3) 2. 0 8. 0 10. 0 4. 0 6. 0 10. 0 6. 0 4. 0 10. 0 8. 0 2. 0 10. 0 10. 0 (Blank) 0. 0 10. 0 3. Ferment the Hydrogen Peroxide by including 10 drops of Dilute Nitric Acid to it. 4. Pour 5cm3 of the fermented Hydrogen Peroxide into 5 diverse funnel shaped carafes/measuring glasses. Imprint this Flask ‘A’. 5. Include 10cm3 of Starch and 1cm3 of Sodium Thiosulphate to a cone shaped jar/recepticle containing one of the readied convergences of KI. Imprint this Flask ‘B’. 6. Pour all the substance of Flask ‘A’ into Flask ‘B’, which is remaining on a tile set apart with an enormous ‘X’. 7. Start the stopwatch following including the substance of ‘A’ into ‘B’. 8. Stop the stopwatch when the ‘X’ has totally vanished from see. 9. Record all readings and perceptions. 10. Rehash this technique once to guarantee exactness. 11. Rehash this equivalent methodology with the various potassium iodide focuses as well. 12. Record all the readings and perceptions. 13. The record table should look something like this: Concentration of KI (mol/dm3) Time Taken for ‘X’ to Disappear ( ±0. 01seconds) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 14. Locate the normal of the considerable number of readings and make a Concentration of Potassium Iodide (focus/cm3) ? Pace of Reaction (time/seconds) diagram.

The Influence of Computers, Interactive Games, and the Internet on a Essay

The Influence of Computers, Interactive Games, and the Internet on a Childs Multicultural Worldview - Essay Example 332). As per the writer of the above article, guardians should permit youngsters cause their own revelations about different societies rather than attempting to make them to comprehend. In a general public where multi-culture exists, youngsters have a chance to help diminish instances of generalizing if just guardians let them fraternize with other kids. Notwithstanding, ordinarily, guardians will in general show youngsters different societies and in the process stretch out the segregation to them. Educators assume a noteworthy job in guaranteeing the greatest advantages of these games (Shaw and Linebarger, p.334). While there is a discussion with respect to whether PCs influence kids contrarily, Shaw and Linebarger asserted that there are a few applications explicitly produced for learning purposes. For example, edutainment is an application made exclusively for learning purposes. Support and Apple games are others, which fit, in a comparative class. All together for these games to be powerful in the learning procedure, Shaw and Linebarger proposed that â€Å"games utilized in schools should introduce real difficulties, permit investigation of elective prospects and results, instill social suitability, and give significance and chances to reflection† (p.336). Despite this recommendation, the test has been on the most proficient method to permit the kids utilize the contraptions all alone. Shaw and Linebarger expressed that for these devices to be valuable, it is basic for the youngsters to be permitted to investigate different societies without agonizing over retaliation (p.337). The significance of this choice is that it permits the kids completely comprehend different societies. In addition, their own observations towards different societies are ordinarily tested along these lines helping in social biases. Nonetheless, amidst every one of these advantages of the games and other PC application lies the threat of youngsters distinguishing themselves with the way of life in the games. Curiously, youngsters will in general recognize themselves with these

To Niche or Not to Niche

To Niche or Not to Niche One of the remarks I hear regularly when I educate companions regarding my books is, Your composing is excessively restricted. You have to expand your allure. What's more, it might be said, theyre right. There cannot be that numerous individuals finding out about repelled Mormons. Furthermore, its only one out of every odd Mormon who will get a book entitled Zombies for Jesus or Sex among the Saints. I began my composing vocation with a MFA postulation, an assortment of short tales about my two years as a gay Mormon teacher in Italy. Presently that is explicit. I was told at that point, You have to engage a bigger crowd. Be that as it may, my teachers werent reprimanding me for expounding on Mormons. This was the 1980s. They were condemning me for expounding on gays. Today there are such a significant number of gay books being composed that an author would be effectively lost in the midst of the pulverize of productions. Also, this is my issue with the analysis when all is said in done. My companions enlighten me to quit composing concerning Mormons and ex-Mormons and rather simply expound on individuals. I guarantee them that it is hard enough ascending to the top among a pool of fifty essayists. It is close to unimaginable even to be seen among a pool of many thousands. I have another meat with the analysis, as well. A whole lot of nothing writer composes the sentence, The lady put on her best dress, glanced in the mirror, and realized she was prepared for a pleasant night. What on the planet does the peruser think about how that character looks? We need points of interest. Subtleties are what make a story intriguing. William Faulkner made a whole profession expounding on the people in humble community Mississippi. Those werent simply individuals. They were from an unmistakable culture and condition. Sick go one further. Isaac Bashevis Singer expounded on ultra-Orthodox Jews in the shtetls of Eastern Europe. Hows that for a specialty crowd? Particularly since Need I remind anybody that both Faulkner and Singer won the Nobel Prize for Literature? Theres no assurance that Ill ever sell in excess of 400 duplicates of Mormon Underwear or Marginal Mormons, significantly less win any conspicuous honors. Be that as it may, in the event that I simply expound on conventional individuals, Im even less inclined to be taken note. There is essentially an excessive amount of rivalry out there. It is anything but a matter of being a major fish in a little lake. Its a matter of finding any water to flourish in whatsoever. Im engaged with the Mormon abstract network, all things being equal. I edit for a dynamic Mormon magazine (truly, there are a decent three or 400 dynamic Mormons out there!). I edit for a little Mormon distributer. I post on the Mormon sites I follow and my own Mormon-themed blog. I help investigate crafted by other Mormon and ex-Mormon scholars, and I monetarily bolster their work also. Also, I follow that well established adage: compose what you know. Indeed, I have a specialty crowd, however the truth of the matter is, in any event I have a group of people.

Address the Issue on Gang Violence in Chicago, Illinois - 275 Words

Reduce and Address the Issue on Gang Violence in Chicago, Illinois (Research Paper Sample) Content: Gang Violence in the Chicago City Name: Instructor: Course: Date: ABSTRACT Gang violence is a common problem in the United States and it affects major city cities such as Chicago, Los Angeles, Boston, and New York. The gang violence negatively impacts on the economic development of the affected regions and is associated with both direct and intangible costs. Despite being portrayed as violent city, the levels of violent crime in the Chicago city have declined considerably. Although gang violence has reduced both in low and high crime areas, there remain regions where violent crime rate is stile unacceptably high. Some of the gangs specialize in expressive violence while others specialize in instrumental violence. The objectives of this paper it to examine the historical trends and the prevalence of gang violence in the Chicago city and propose possible solutions to the problem. Table of Contents 1. Introduction. 4 2. History of Gang Violence in America. 4 3. Gang Violence in Chicago. 5 4. Prevalence of the gang violence. 7 5. Effects of the gang violence. 8 5.1 Mobility. 8 5.2 Real estate values. 10 5.3 City budgets and local residents. 10 5.4 Intangible costs. 11 5.5 Law enforcement and justice-system and revenues. 11 5.6 Gang violence in schools. 12 6. Interventions. 13 6.1 Follow-Up Re-entry programs for gang-affiliated inmates. 14 6.1.1 San Diego Country Prisoner Re-entry program.. 15 6.1.2 The re-entry council of the city and County of Francisco. 16 7. Conclusion. 16 1. Introduction In 2002 and 2008, Chicago registered the most murders than any other city in America. The rising homicide rate is attributed to the influx of illegal guns and gang violence. Gang violence is connected to disputes and turf wars and it seems that the problem largely affects the geographically and socially isolated neighborhoods. The incidences of gang violence mainly affect those living in the West and the South sides of the city. Although incidences of gang violence have declined considerably, the city is faring badly compared to other gang-infested cities such as Los Angeles and New York. This paper examines the history, prevalence and the solutions to the problem of gang violence in the Chicago city. 2. History of Gang Violence in America The origin of gangs can be traced to the East Coast in 1820s and thereafter, in the Midwestern regions including Chicago and Los Angeles. The problem of gang violence in the United States is as old as humanity itself. The New York City is considered as a haven of the gangs in the country, and the emergence of gang-like groups began in late 1700s. Serious gangs would later emerge in 1820s fueled by large scale immigration. Gang would later spread to other cities such as Philadelphia and Boston. In the Midwest region, gangs first flourished in 1900s but there is evidence of white gangs in the area as far back as 1960s. In the Western region, gangs started appearing in 1890s and the mass immigration of the Mexicans in 1940 to 1970s gave rise to the Mexican-American gangs. Black gangs were formed in towns like Los Angeles and California. The gang groups in the western regions have since increased in numbers, and are a threat to peace and tranquility in the society. The southern region we re not spared either by gang violence, and gang activity was first reported in New Orleans, Miami, San Antonio, and Fort Worth as afar back as 1970s. Although gangs in the Southern part emerged later compared to the other regions, the gang activities in the area have since increased. 3. Gang Violence in Chicago Gangs are formed by a group of people who are perceived to be aggressive and who come together to protect their turfs engage in criminal activities. The Chicago Police Department defines gangs based on several characteristics. Firstly, street gangs have well established geographical territories and have an organized course of criminality. The law enforcement agencies are also able to identify gangs based on symbols and signs, hand signs, language and clothing. The available literature suggests that there are two forms of violence: expressive and instrumental (Cullen Levitt, 1999). The aim of the expressive violence is to injure the victim and other motives are secondary. In contrast, the objective of the instrumental violence is to acquire financial gains and not hurt the victims. The Chicago street gangs express both types of violence; on one hand the members defend their identity and initiate expansionary policies, and in the process those who resist are killed while on the other hand, gangs use violence to safeguard their financial interests. Gang violence has become a common occurrence in the society. In the Chicago city, the emergence of gangs is often viewed as a by-product of social dis-organization and the inefficiency of the traditional institutions. The pattern and the composition of the Chicago gangs is shaped by race and ethnicity. The emergence of criminal gangs was precipitated by the immigration of the black Americans into Chicago. The mass immigration in the area led to tension and increased bitterness from other races. By 1950s the black community had grown so much, an event that led to the establishment of more gangs in the area. At the time, the famous gangs included the Vicelords, and the Blackstone Rangers. However, in 1960s the local authorities initiated an ambitious war against the gangs, an event that led to the decapitation of street gangs. With tough economic conditions and lack of employment opportunities, the youths flowed back to the streets. The re-organization of the gang activities saw the ri se of the Black Disciples and the Black Gangsters. In the recent times, due to spatial disruption, some of the gangs have been displaced leading to violence and instability in the area. Chicago is recognized as the gang capital of the U.S. and according to an audit performed by the Chicago Police Department the area has more than 600 gang factions with a combined membership of more than 70,000. As the number of the gang groups increase the police have found it hard to control them. The negative impact of the gangs in the city is well noted and just to illustrate, in 2011, a quarter of the homicides in Chicago were gang-related. Currently, one of the common gang group in Chicago is the Black Gangster Disciples Nation and is renowned for turf wars with the Blackstone Rangers and the Black Disciples. The Latin Disciples operates in the Northwest Side neighborhoods while the Latino Kings s the largest Latino street gang in the entire city. Another influential street gang group is the Vice Lords which was formed in 1950s and operates in the West Side neighborhoods. There are turf-hot-spots in the city where gang-motivated offenses are concentrated. There are also the dru g hot spots where the gangs fight over drugs leading to the death of the innocent member of the community and the gang members. The Chicago city grapples with murder and violent crime problem, and aware of this fact the Department of Justice initiated a project dubbed the Project Safe Neighborhoods. The project is one of the major initiatives whose aim was to reduce gun violence at the local level. The project entailed mobilizing funds to support the justice system for the purpose of the enforcement, deterrence and prevention. At the core of the initiative was the prosecution of illegal guns use and illegal gun possession. The increased prosecution of gun-related cases, directly impacts on the activities of gangs in the Chicago cities. The program also sought to improve joint federal-local prosecution case screening capacity, increase police patrols, establish violent offender programs and street-level firearms enforcement teams. The program also sought to educate the public and school-going children about the negative impact of the gang violence in the society. 4. Prevalence of the gang violence The sorry state of the security in Chicago is well captured in an article titled; Chicago homicides outnumber U.S. troop killings in Afghanistan. According to the article, while 2,000 U.S. troops have been killed in Afghanistan since 2001, around 5,000 had been killed by gangs in Chicago (Shapiro Hassett, 2012). Compared to other cities such as Los Angeles and New York the murder rate is very high and the business community in the area has adversely been affected by the ongoing violence. Instances of youth gun violence are very common in the city, and according to Petersilia (2003) the victims and the perpetrators are disproportionately likely to be black males from poor single-parent households. According to the statistics released by the Chicago police department, gangs are largely blamed for homicide...

Best Student Loan Options for Parents

If you're a parent of a child heading off to college, you might be wondering how you're going to cover their tuition and various expenses -- often, even with financial aid, it can be a difficult burden to bear. In fact, only about one in five families are able to foot more than half of the bill for their child's education, and most expect their children will have to rely on student loans for funding. Generally, students are advised to apply for any grants and scholarships they're eligible for before borrowing any money. But if you or your child find it necessary to take out loans, you should be aware that there are many types of student loans, offered both by the government and private lenders. While government loans are the best place to start, they're not always the best deal -- particularly for graduate students or parents looking to borrow money on their children's behalf. Here are some things you need to know to make decisions that are the best fit for your individual circumstances. Direct loans First, if your family does need to borrow money, always start with federal loans. Direct subsidized loans for example, offer low, fixed-interest rates, which will not start accruing until after your child is finished with school. This can be very helpful at a time when they might find it difficult to hold down a job and make repayments. But direct subsidized direct loans are only available to students who can demonstrate financial need, and are off limits for grad school students. Direct unsubsidized loans for undergraduates offer the same low rate as subsidized loans, but interest on unsubsidized loans starts growing immediately, so there's no respite. Rates on unsubsidized loans for grad students are higher than loans for undergraduates. RELATED: 8 tips on how to make student loans work for you PLUS loans If you'd like to take out a loan on behalf of your child -- if your child has hit their annual or lifetime limit on subsidized and unsubsidized direct loans, for example -- PLUS loans are another option. But be aware that interest rates on PLUS loans are higher. PLUS loans made between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017 will carry an interest rate of 6.31 percent. Private loans Before taking out any PLUS loans, you might consider comparing offers from private student lenders. Depending on your creditworthiness and the terms of the loan you are seeking, private lenders are often able to beat rates on federal PLUS loans. When you're doing the math, don't forget that PLUS loans carry a disbursement fee of 4.3 percent. Many private loans are unencumbered by such fees. Cosigning a loan Students with little income or credit history will typically need a cosigner to qualify for a private student loan, since interest rates on private loans are based on the borrower's creditworthiness. So if you have good credit history, co-signing your child's loan could help them get the best rate. When taking out a student loan, adding a co-signer could mean: A greater chance of approval: a lender is more likely to approve the loan if there is a cosigner with a solid credit history Less risk taken by the lender: adding another person to the loan increases the bank's chances of recovering their investment A lower interest rate: a bank will be more likely to give you a lower interest rate, since they can rely on your cosigner to repay the loan should you not be able to RELATED: Understanding your student loans and how to repay them But co-signing is a big responsibility. You are essentially taking on the obligation to repay the loan if your child cannot, sometimes without all the rights enjoyed by the primary borrower. If your child fails to make a payment, not only are you on the hook for the money, that late payment could damage your credit history as well as theirs. Before co-signing a loan, sit down with your child and consider the following: Draw up and sign a written agreement with your child where they agree to make all payments in a timely manner Check whether the lender offers a release to cosigners, and what benefits and protections you are entitled to Don't just sign and forget: keep in touch with your child to ensure they are making timely monthly loan payments RELATED: 7 things you may not know about student loan repayment Credible is a multi-lender marketplace that allows borrowers to receive competitive loan options from its vetted lenders, in 90 seconds. Credible puts borrowers in control. Users can compare personalized rates from multiple lenders without sharing their personal information or impacting their credit score. If you're a parent of a child heading off to college, you might be wondering how you're going to cover their tuition and various expenses -- often, even with financial aid, it can be a difficult burden to bear. In fact, only about one in five families are able to foot more than half of the bill for their child's education, and most expect their children will have to rely on student loans for funding. Generally, students are advised to apply for any grants and scholarships they're eligible for before borrowing any money. But if you or your child find it necessary to take out loans, you should be aware that there are many types of student loans, offered both by the government and private lenders. While government loans are the best place to start, they're not always the best deal -- particularly for graduate students or parents looking to borrow money on their children's behalf. Here are some things you need to know to make decisions that are the best fit for your individual circumstances. Direct loans First, if your family does need to borrow money, always start with federal loans. Direct subsidized loans for example, offer low, fixed-interest rates, which will not start accruing until after your child is finished with school. This can be very helpful at a time when they might find it difficult to hold down a job and make repayments. But direct subsidized direct loans are only available to students who can demonstrate financial need, and are off limits for grad school students. Direct unsubsidized loans for undergraduates offer the same low rate as subsidized loans, but interest on unsubsidized loans starts growing immediately, so there's no respite. Rates on unsubsidized loans for grad students are higher than loans for undergraduates. RELATED: 8 tips on how to make student loans work for you PLUS loans If you'd like to take out a loan on behalf of your child -- if your child has hit their annual or lifetime limit on subsidized and unsubsidized direct loans, for example -- PLUS loans are another option. But be aware that interest rates on PLUS loans are higher. PLUS loans made between July 1, 2016 and June 30, 2017 will carry an interest rate of 6.31 percent. Private loans Before taking out any PLUS loans, you might consider comparing offers from private student lenders. Depending on your creditworthiness and the terms of the loan you are seeking, private lenders are often able to beat rates on federal PLUS loans. When you're doing the math, don't forget that PLUS loans carry a disbursement fee of 4.3 percent. Many private loans are unencumbered by such fees. Cosigning a loan Students with little income or credit history will typically need a cosigner to qualify for a private student loan, since interest rates on private loans are based on the borrower's creditworthiness. So if you have good credit history, co-signing your child's loan could help them get the best rate. When taking out a student loan, adding a co-signer could mean: A greater chance of approval: a lender is more likely to approve the loan if there is a cosigner with a solid credit history Less risk taken by the lender: adding another person to the loan increases the bank's chances of recovering their investment A lower interest rate: a bank will be more likely to give you a lower interest rate, since they can rely on your cosigner to repay the loan should you not be able to RELATED: Understanding your student loans and how to repay them But co-signing is a big responsibility. You are essentially taking on the obligation to repay the loan if your child cannot, sometimes without all the rights enjoyed by the primary borrower. If your child fails to make a payment, not only are you on the hook for the money, that late payment could damage your credit history as well as theirs. Before co-signing a loan, sit down with your child and consider the following: Draw up and sign a written agreement with your child where they agree to make all payments in a timely manner Check whether the lender offers a release to cosigners, and what benefits and protections you are entitled to Don't just sign and forget: keep in touch with your child to ensure they are making timely monthly loan payments RELATED: 7 things you may not know about student loan repayment Credible is a multi-lender marketplace that allows borrowers to receive competitive loan options from its vetted lenders, in 90 seconds. Credible puts borrowers in control. Users can compare personalized rates from multiple lenders without sharing their personal information or impacting their credit score.

To Kill a Mockingbird Movie vs Novel - 1238 Words

What You See Is Not What You Read Life is full of lessons, the movie version of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is not! Harper Lee entwines these life lessons throughout her novel; however, the movie version fails to incorporate these lessons into its plot. Thus, the movie version must be deemed incomplete, as it is most certain that there are many important lessons that Jem and Scout learn throughout the novel. A few key characters who taught these lessons to the children and who will be the subject of this essay are Ms.Dubose and the morals learnt from her successful fight against morphine addiction, the role of Aunt Alexandra in front of Scout as a female role model and lastly Mr.Dolphus Raymond’s preferred associations†¦show more content†¦This relationship forms on the other side as well. Scout begins to understand what being a lady is about, at one point she say, â€Å"After all, if Aunty could be a lady at a time like this, so could I.†(Lee 318). Throughout the book Aunt Alexandra’s views and actions become less ignorant and Scout becomes more understanding about what Aunt Alexandra has to say. It is a pity that the director refrained from including Aunt Alexandra in the movie version. This was most probably done because Aunt Alexandra has something to say on almost everything that happens and therefore there would have been a lot more scenes in the movie if she were included. However, it was indeed a bad choice because the character of Aunt Alexandra would have made the movie much more interesting. Thus, the movie must be deemed incomplete compared to the novel. Another non-prejudice character who was not included in the movie was Mr.Dolphus Raymond. He teaches Scout and Dill a very important lesson that reverberates throughout the novel; All that is gold does not glitter (J. R. R. Tolkien). Dolphus Raymond is a white man who prefers to spend his time with black people rather than white folks, thus in order to stop people from constantly questioning his behaviour, he creates a pretext for himself as a drunk man. Dolphus Raymond will not be seen without a paper bag in hand which supposedly contains alcohol. Thus, people figured that he was drunkShow MoreRelatedTo Kill A Mockingbird Analysis1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe Influence of Setting on Themes and Events in To Kill A Mockingbird Vs. A Time to Kill A setting is used in literature to highlight the major themes and also shape the events of the narration. Though set in different time periods, the settings of To Kill a Mockingbird by Lee Harper and A Time to Kill by Joel Schumacher serves to reinforce various themes that highlight various aspects of American history. Racial segregation and issues associated with it such as the lifestyle of the Southern stateRead MoreEssay on To Kill A Mockingbird, Movie Vs. Book919 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill A Mockingbird, Movie Vs. Book Neither the novel nor film version of To Kill A Mockingbird is superior to the other, just different. In the book you delve more into the separate characters while in the film you see the relationships in action. The book gives you a broader view of everything, but at the same time the movie points out everything that seems important. Lastly, the novel shows Scout as a girl caught in the middle, when the movie seems to paint Scout as a girl without a inklingRead MoreNovel vs. Film: To Kill a Mockingbird Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesNovel vs. Film: To Kill a Mockingbird Its a sin to kill a mockingbird, explains Atticus Finch to his children (To Kill Dir. Robert Mulligan). Neither the novel nor film version of To Kill A Mockingbird is better than one another, just different. Its no secret that adapting a novel to film can be a perilous affair. A movie, even when its good, doesnt often conveyRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee999 Words   |  4 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird vs A Time to Kill To Kill a Mockingbird is a classic film, originally published as a novel by Harper Lee in 1960 and republished as a film by Robert Mulligan in 1962. This movie is based on a white attorney, Atticus Finch, defending an African American man, Tom Robinson, which was accused of raping a white woman. This trial illustrates how server racisms was in the early 1960’s. A Time to Kill is the prefect demonstration to show how racism still exists 30 years later. In 1966Read MoreKill A Mockingbird : Film Review1235 Words   |  5 PagesTo Kill a Mockingbird Film Review To Kill a Mockingbird is a 1962 film directed by Robert Mulligan, and is based on the novel by Harper Lee of the same name. The film stars Gregory Peck (Atticus Finch), Mary Badham (Scout Finch), Phillip Alford (Jem), John Megna (Dill), Robert Duvall (Boo Radley), and Brock Peters (Tom Robinson). To start the film a woman is narrating her childhood in Macomb, Alabama that was a tired old town even in 1932. She (Scout) recalls that she was six years old that summerRead MorePassivity Vs. Passion In The Perks Of Being A Wallflower Essay1651 Words   |  7 PagesPassivity Vs. Passion The Perks of Being a Wallflower is by no means a typical narrative. Taking the form of an epistolary novel presented as a series of letters from a boy who calls himself Charlie, but notes that he will change names and minor details so for the sake of his anonymity, the short novel tackles themes such as pedophilia, drug use, depression, abortion and many more complex issues. Stuck in the middle of the mix is a young boy who certainly is not the archetypal protagonist, theRead MorePassivity vs. Passion in the Perks of Being a Wallflower1658 Words   |  7 PagesPassivity Vs. Passion The Perks of Being a Wallflower is by no means a typical narrative. Taking the form of an epistolary novel presented as a series of letters from a boy who calls himself Charlie, but notes that he will change names and minor details so for the sake of his anonymity, the short novel tackles themes such as pedophilia, drug use, depression, abortion and many more complex issues. Stuck in the middle of the mix is a young boy who certainly is not the archetypal protagonist, theRead MoreGrammar and Writing Class Curriculum Map2910 Words   |  12 Pages A direct object gets the Indirect object Underline the Subject and Verbs 1. The teachers are spies. 2. Rachel is the president. 3. A lot of the alumni’s from my high school became doctors. Underline the Predicate Adjective 1. The movie seemed intense. 2. Your project was excellent! 3. Isabellas prom dress looked elegant. A verb should always agree with the amount of subjects there are in a sentence. A singular subject will always be followed by a singular verbRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn4280 Words   |  18 PagesNadeem Sbaiti Mrs. Greenlee HN ENG III 1, June 2015 Independent Novel Project The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Knowledge Significance Of Title The title The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn seems to be very self-explanatory of the significance hence the name. Furthermore after further review and thought I have realized there is a deeper meaning than just that of Huckleberry Finn. When the book first begins it is showing the start of the young boys band of robbers and it leads you to believe theRead MoreDevelopment Project: The Breakfast Club3012 Words   |  12 Pagesin mandatory Saturday detention. These five individuals come from different social groups and a wide range of socioeconomic backgrounds are present, but in the end they discover that they are more alike than they assumed. In the beginning of the movie we learn that Brian, Andrew, Claire, John, and Allison attend Shermer High School in Shermer, Illinois, but are worlds apart due to the social cliques developed by peers and society. These social stereotypes have dictated the following labels for each

8 Ways to Tackle Chronic Absenteeism

Industrial Wo Manpower What Happens When Women Go Into...

Industrial Wo-Manpower – What Happens When Women Go Into Labor? Although women make up half of the population, they have often been overlooked in times of reform and change. During Reconstruction, women were ignored as the fifteenth amendment granted voting rights to men of all colors, but not to women. During the Progressive Era, women spearheaded many reforms of society, but were not able to reform much of their role in it. During WWII, women were used to support the economy, and then tossed to the side as soldiers returned from war. But throughout all of this, women slowly increased their foothold in industry. Economic needs, societal perceptions of women, and the strength of the women’s rights movement altered the role of women in industry throughout American history. In the Progressive Era, the changing perception of women from strict homemakers to a viable workforce and the centrality of women to many reform movements enabled increased participation in the manufacturing of the early 20th century. During the Progressive Era, the gradual acceptance of women as an industrial labor force enabled women of all ages to work in manufacturing. The Triangle Shirtwaist Company Fire, although tragic, was representative of the growing number of women working in textiles and other manufacturing centers instead of staying at home. Also, the Bachelor Girls Social Club was one of the outlets for women in the Progressive Era to assert their independence. It shows that theShow MoreRelatedEssay Paper84499 Words   |  338 PagesStates, and the U.S. Army Reserve, unless otherwise stated. During mobilization, the Contents proponent may modify chapters and policies contained in this regulation. Chapters 6 and 7 and appendixes E and F apply to Army National Guard Soldiers when on AD Title 10, for 30 days or more, and in all other cases, Army National Guard Soldiers are governed by NGR 600–21 and NGR 600–22. Portions of this regulation that prescribe specific conduct are punitive, and violations of these provisions mayRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice

Great Events and Contributors in the Field of Mathematics

History The pre-20th century saw great events which brought about various inventions and discoveries especially in the mathematics field. There were various people who made great contributions to the mathematics field which are applicable and still in use to date. This paper will therefore look at two among the many great events and the contributors of the events in the mathematics field. About 250BC there were various inventions and contributions by Archimedes who was considered as being among the greatest mathematicians in history. He is still honored for the various contributions he made in geometry, mechanics, physics and technology. He is listed among the three greatest mathematicians. His greatest contribution to the field of mathematics was particularly in the area of geometry. Aside from being a mathematician he was also an engineer who was accomplished in the field as well as an inventor he is was however thought to be obsessed with geometry. Among his great contributions were the discovery of how to find the volumes of spheres and he went ahead to discover the exact pi value which he calculated as well as devising the notion of mathematical exponents. pi which is a Greek letter is used in the description of ratios of circles circumference an diameter. He pinpointed pi value as being between 3-10/71 and 3-1/7.this he arrived by inscription of a 96 sided polygon inside a circle. The discoveries were published in measurement of the circle. He alsoShow MoreRelatedAnnual Islamic Symposium On The Arts And Sciences1042 Words   |  5 PagesH Block Mathematics News Article Annual Islamic Symposium on The Arts and Sciences Inside Dover-Sherborn Regional High School In Room 214 the Annual Islamic Symposium on The Arts and Sciences has just concluded. The symposium was one of the most important events of our time, where notable scholars and key figures met in the â€Å"House of Wisdom† in order to hold panel discussions and present displays on the advancements in the fields of Art and Science through the 15th century. Mathematics took centerRead MoreLife Is Not Naturally Interdisciplinary. It Is A Neutral1312 Words   |  6 Pagesto scientifically consider all aspects of the world through numbers and a series of evaluations. Paul Hamos said â€Å"Problem solving is the heart of mathematics,† (WHAT IS MATHEMATICAL THINKING AND WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?) and I believe that this quote means that one must question themselves through trial and error in order to receive an answer. This is a great metaphor for anything in life because we always must question everything and anything around us in order to grow in the world. Looking at the worldRead MorePythogoras of Samos Essay examples1350 Words   |  6 Pages Pythagoras of Samos is often described as the first pure mathematician. He is an extremely important figure in the development of mathematics yet we know little about his achievements. There is nothing that is truly accurate pertaining to Pythagorass writings. Today Pythagoras is certainly a mysterious figure. Little is known of Pythagorass childhood. Pythagorass father was Mnesarchus, and his mother was Pythais. Mnesarchus was a merchant who came from Tyre. Pythais was a native of Samos. AsRead MoreThe Discrimination Of Women And Women1291 Words   |  6 Pagesof the discrimination on women, but more changes must be made. The discrimination begins very early for women. â€Å"Women in Israel have been officially guaranteed gender equality since the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948† (Wikipedia Contributors, 2016, n.p.). The Arab society has a strong preference for male children, especially the first child. Eight days after the birth of a male child, a large party is held to celebrate the occasion. They are often held in enormous halls with largeRead MoreSimilarities Between Civilizations And Civilizations958 Words   |  4 Pageswere separated by hundreds of years. The ancient Egyptian civilization located in northern Africa around 3,100 B.C. is considered to be one of the cradles of civilization and also a major contributor to the technology we have today. They exceeded in not only innovative technological advances, but also in mathematics, architecture, and in astronomy. Like the Egyptians, the Mesoamerican civilization of the Mayans originating in Yucatà ¡n around 2600 B.C too wa s an extremely advanced civilization for itsRead MoreThe Enlightenment Period : The Age Of Reason1332 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluenced by scientific thought, skepticism and intellectual stimulation. The plan of this era was to reform society and the way it used reasoning as well as oppose long established customs. Most importantly, the objective was to move forward in the field of scientific thought. The period leading up to the Enlightenment was a transformation of understanding. This span of time emphasized reason and logic, assessment and critical thinking over blind faith, superstition and mythology. A new way of rationalRead MoreHistorical Events That Took Place During The Classical Period1458 Words   |  6 Pagescreated by Alexander the Great. In a period containing such an immense amount of historical significance there is no doubting that it had influenced the people born. Notorious philosopher Aristotle is no exception, contributing a great deal to the fields of mathemati cs, biology and ethics. His book titled Nicomachean Ethics contains his views on the ethics of mankind and how they can be applied on a daily basis. This essay will look critically at how the historical events that took place during theRead MorePersonal Statement Of Purpose By Mr. Thomas H. Huxley812 Words   |  4 Pagescareer. My consistently outstanding academic record ever since my school years has resulted in numerous prizes and certificates of merit. My strengths have been my quantitative and analytical abilities which instilled in me a special interest for mathematics and physics. I had always been intrigued by science and used to spend a lot of time learning and knowing it. This fascination for science and keen interest in the ever-growing world of technology motivated me to take up engineering studies for myRead MoreExploring Stem Through Nas A System With Many Regions And Dynamics1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe questions and apply the knowledge to both Earth and Space Expl oration (Why Explore, 2015). The Earth System Presently NASA has explored the Earth system and its many layers. Better understanding of its structure and dynamics helps us predict events of natural disasters and changes because of humans (Earth Science, 2015). To help, the Science Mission Directorate created the Focus Areas of Earth Scince. These include Atmospheric Composition, Weather, Climate Variability and Change, Water and EnergyRead MoreGreece s Influence On The Western World984 Words   |  4 Pagespopulation and city spread in a great amount and after a few hundred years they were the most powerful group in the region. Greece has influenced in many ways to help the western world. The Ancient Greeks were different from their neighbors in two major ways: they spoke in a different language, and they had a religion based on many different Gods and Goddesses. They also had a different alphabet than all of their neighbors on the Balkan Peninsula. Greece eventually became a great and wealthy kingdom yet

Gloss The Road Not Taken Essay Example For Students

Gloss The Road Not Taken Essay Brought to a standstill at the presence of a crossroad, the speaker of Robert Frosts The Road Not Taken is left to contemplate which path to travel. After careful inspection of both routes, the speaker comes to the conclusion that neither path presents a more appealing endeavor ahead. Of the two means of travel, the speaker asserts that the passing there/Had worn them really about the same (lines 9-10) and both that morning equally lay/ In leaves no step had trodden black (lines11-12). Lacking an explicit solution to the dilemma, the speaker is left to contemplate any future consequences based on an impending decision of taking one road over the other. As a result, the speaker comes to terms that his final destination is bound solely by chance and choice, but he anticipates an imminent feeling of regret for not traveling the other routes course. Infused with the anticipation of remorse, Frosts work portrays the universal query supposing a different possible outcome if another route was taken of equal uncertainty. Even the title suggests this impression of doubt, where the road not taken is mentioned with greater precedent than the actual course of travel. Lacking the chance to travel both/ And be one traveler (lines 2-3), one path must function as the chosen way and the other the other way, both with no indication of which is the better to travel. Therefore, once the chosen way is traveled, the other way holds a haunting reminder of what may have been lost strictly by chance. After a foreseeable self-evaluation of the speakers life, trying to determine if he took advantage of all available opportunities is perceived as a daunting challenge for there will always be an ambiguity lingering around the other path. However, the speaker apprehensively comes to terms with reality, eventually determining the futility of postulating o n matters of the imagination. Thus, with a sigh (line 16), the speaker proclaims that he took advantage of the opportunities to the best of his ability as they were presented to him, despite those of chance. In effect, taking the chosen path has made all the difference (line 20). That particular decision determined the speakers overall course in life to the effect that the other route could have directed the speaker to walk in the complete opposite direction of his final destination. Bibliography: The Road Not Taken, by Robert Frost .

Social Injustice for Public Health

Question: Writean essay on Social Injustice for Public Health. Answer: Social injustice: The mission of public health has justice as its core value. Helping people is irrespective of their origin, race, creed, caste, education, income is the basis of work for every health care professional. Social injustice is those discrepancies one experiences that involve treatment of people by Racism, poverty, access to healthcare, labor laws, civil rights, access to education. All people are born equal and have the right to live their lives without any oppression from fellow human being. Health disparities are systematic that is they can be avoided if appropriate steps are taken by the authorities to ensure fair treatment of all people. Effective public policies should be in place with clear and contextually relevant. It should support the development of objectives that help educate the people against social injustice. One group of individuals should not get preferences while another group of people gets ignored. The cause of these injustices practiced by some people is the fear or phobia of foreign entities. Targeting specifically children or those of growing age with education and teaching them to live in harmony, is a way to eliminate the social injustice (Sullivan, 2012). The situation of social injustice: A study conducted at Kentucky hospitals in 1995, found that the people who were uninsured were least likely to be treated or admitted to the hospital, even if they have a head injury ranging from mild to moderate. People who had insurance were likely to be admitted and treated. The poor patients were treated by house-officers while privately insured patients were treated by attending doctors. Social injustice while treating African-American patients, they were given less priority than the white patients were. A privately insured person complaining of chest pain were more likely to have a full checkup with tests done like Angiography, Bypass-surgery chest X-Ray or MRI. One of the disturbing things that were noticed was the in- hospital death rates of the uninsured patients. The uninsured patients were less likely to go for high cost treatment. The scenario of social justice was prevalent in times of giving analgesics to patients. Analgesics provided to the patients of African-American , Hispanic origin were inadequate than the white patients. Catheterization is another procedure where biases occur between a patient of other origin and a white patient. These biases at times are life threatening. Biases are difficult to target since admittance to biases is rare, no physician would like to express dislike for minority patient, and even fewer healthcare professionals would admit to their altered practices when dealing with a minority patient. (Sullivan, 2012). Biases in the hospital management force noninsured patients to wait for long hours for treatment while an insured patient gets treatment at emergencies (Murray et al., 2013) Analysis of the health consequences for the client: Biases in treatment can cause fatal mistakes that can result in a loss of life or permanent damage. The family of the person may not be able to press charges, but their faith in the health care system will be shaken. Such instances cause the minority population to begin to doubt their value in the society. This gives rise to increasing bitterness between the minority people. Harmony in society tumbles. Health factor kept far away from biases, and social injustices are of paramount importance (Krieger, 2016). Your response as the caregiver or observer of caregiver/health provider responses to the social injustice: As a caregiver or a healthcare professional, it is important to keep personal feelings regarding minority, poor, uninsured people away from the workplace. Professionalism should be maintained, and care and treatment should be given to all people.It is the duty of all health care professional to be devoid of any prejudices, judgment. If a healthcare professional sees any such activities taking place, it is the responsibility of the person to stop it and provide quality treatment to the patients (Krieger, 2016). The Christian worldview and faith perspectives: According to Christian faith, all people are equal; it is based on a universal principle that embraces all religions, people, social structures along with their history, arts and the disciplines regarding humanitarian application and discipline of life (Sulmasy, 2016). Analysis of your identity, power, privilege and oppression influence your viewpoint and reactions: As a health care professional, some powers are invested in the person. He or she can put a stop at these mal-practices by educating fellow professional. To help treat the minority people. Committees and subcommittees are made and notified when such incident are taken place. The discipline in a hospital or a medical institution should be maintained, and disciplinary action should be taken against the perpetrators to wan further discrimination (Awosogba et al., 2013). Strategies to respond to the social injustice: Notifying higher authority. Having discussions and intervention with the people practicing such malpractices. Understanding of mentality of fellow professional and providing personal insight about the value of equality. Treat people with care irrespective of their origin or financial status. Government representatives are notified so that social reforms can be brought about for bringing harmony in the society (De Andrade et al., 2015). Specific strategies that can be used to respond to the identified social injustice: All people should be treated equally. Healthcare should be provided to increase the productivity of the people. Nondiscrimination based on race or ethnic group increases the feeling of harmony. Right to health care increases the standard of living for all people. Appropriate health care helps to overcome social disadvantage. Elimination of health disparity is a sign of a developed society (Falk-Rafael Betker, 2012). Two specific actions to respond to the injustice: Counseling- of people helps to reduce the inherent discrimination one harbors towards another person from different social background. Disease Health event investigation- awareness of people about a healthy society by showing data and other investigations regarding health issues that can spread from the minority to others if not addressed. (Falk-Rafael Betker, 2012) Relevant collaborators: The government, non-governmental agencies, Community services as well as individual programs can collaborate in the elimination of social injustices. Resources are required to implement strategies: The government can help with funding programs to increase awareness. 2. Interventions organized to help educate people against discrimination. 3. Strict implementation of government rules and regulation (De Andrade et al., 2015). Barriers that interfere with responding effectively to the social injustice: Prejudices against people. 2. Hardcore beliefs and attitudes. 3. Less knowledge about each other. 4. Difference in skill and method of work. 5. Language problems (Mason et al., 2013). Strengths that will contribute reducing the effects of the social injustice: Strength of will, determination to help achieve harmony among people is the value that helps in reducing social injustice. Leaders and policy makers implementing strict laws and regulation for reducing social injustice. Changes in the mindset of leaders, common people, and others in places of power and influence contribute reducing effects of social injustice (Benfer, 2015). Reference: Awosogba, T., Betancourt, J. R., Conyers, F. G., Estap, E. S., Francois, F., Gard, S. J., ... Pomeroy, C. (2013). Prioritizing health disparities in medical education to improve care. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1287(1), 17-30. Benfer, E. A. (2015). Health Justice: A Framework (and Call to Action) for the Elimination of Health Inequity and Social Injustice. American University Law Review, 65(2). De Andrade, L. O. M., Pellegrini Filho, A., Solar, O., Rgoli, F., de Salazar, L. M., Serrate, P. C. F Atun, R. (2015). Social determinants of health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries. The Lancet, 385(9975), 1343-1351. Egbert LD, Rothman IL. Relation between the race and economic status of patients and who performs their surgery. N Engl J Med. 1977; 297:901. Falk-Rafael, A., Betker, C. (2012). Witnessing social injustice downstream and advocating for health equity upstream:The trombone slide of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 35(2), 98-112. Krieger, N. (2016). Living and Dying at the Crossroads: Racism, Embodiment, andWhy Theory Is Essential for a Public Health of Consequence. American Journal of Public Health, 106(5), 832. Mason, D. J., Leavitt, J. K., Chaffee, M. W. (2013). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare-Revised Reprint. Elsevier Health Sciences. Murray, C. J., Abraham, J., Ali, M. K., Alvarado, M., Atkinson, C., Baddour, L. M. Bolliger, I. (2013). The state of US health, 1990-2010: burden of diseases, injuries, and risk factors. Jama, 310(6), 591-606. Sullivan, T. J. (2012). Introduction to social problems. Pearson Higher Ed. Sulmasy, D. P. (2016). Christian witness in health care. Christian Bioethics, 22(1), 45-61.

Sex In The Bible Essays - Religion, Human Sexuality,

Sex In The Bible Sex in the Bible For my book report I chose the topic of sex in the Bible. I thought that it would be a very interesting topic because in many churches discussion of sex and sexuality is taboo. I thought that by reading this book I could become more informed of what the Bible truly says on the subject. I also chose this topic because I felt that it would be easier reading a book about the bible on a topic I was interested in. Most subjects pertaining to the Bible are not interesting to the average teenager, and I felt this book would be fun to read. The name of the book was Sex in the Bible by Michael R. Cosby. Cosby discusses five parts of the bible in which sexual relations are discussed. First he discuses the laws that apply to sex in the Hebrew culture according to the book of Dueteronomy. Secondly he discuses the wisdom advice of the book of proverbs. Cosby then discuses the actual act of sex in the book of songs. Next he writes about the topic of sex and sexuality in the synoptic gospels. Final ly he discusses sex in the books of Corinthians and Paul's letters to the Romans. Cosby's goal is to interpret the true beliefs of the early Jews and Christians. The book of Deuteronomy is a book of laws directed for the Hebrew. They are laws given to them by their god Yahweh. The book of Deuteronomy has several rules and laws pertaining to sex. The book was written within a society that was very male oriented. Thus the book makes the assumption that the wife is property of the husband. This did not give the husband the right to treat his wife as a slave, however only he had the option of divorce, and he only had the option of verifying his wife's virginity. The basic two principles behind the laws of sex in Dueteronomy are that: sex was to be only had in the confides of marriage, and that the women must be a virgin going into the marriage. Pertaining to the act of premarital sex, either by free will or by force, the punishment is death by stoning. If it turns out that the women was raped, then that man which committed the crime will be forced to marry the women, and is forbidden to divorce her ever. As far as a women not being pure when she is married, Dueteronomy says that the husband has the right to bring this claim to his new wife's father. If the accusation is true than the women will be stoned to death in front of her father's house. Having an impure daughter was an ultimate disgrace to a father, in that it was his resposibility to prevent that. If the claims turned out to be false then the husband was beat in public and charged one hundred coins to be given to the bride's father. There are also several other topics involving sex that are mentioned Deuteronomy. The act of polygamy is considered an acceptable practice, and in many cases expected. Under Hebrew law if a man died his brother was obligated to take his brother's widowed wife's hand in marriage. If the brother were already married then it would be expected of him to now have two wives. There are two other laws mentioned in Deuteronomy that are seen as sins to Yahweh, but are not punishable by death. Those two acts would be prostitution, and transvestitism (or the act of men dressing like women and vice versa). These acts, although not punishable by death, were seen as sins by God, and anyone who partook in the act of prostitution or transvestitism would be accursed. Moving on, Cosby goes to the book of Proverbs. Proverbs, unlike Dueteronomy, does not dive laws about sex, but rather advice about it. Proverbs is not based on a covenant motif but rather on accumulated wisdom that has resulted from many years of observation. It is similar to Deuteronomy in that it addresses a great number of different aspects of life, but the way it is presented is much different. There is

LDS Gospel Topics Essay 2nd Annointing

LDS Gospel Topics Essay 2nd AnnointingLDS Gospel Topics essay 2nd anointing offers a variety of essays to help individuals understand the importance of living the gospel of Jesus Christ. Though there are many people who have already explored this topic, there are still those who would like to learn more about the Second Anointing, which is another way of saying the ordinances of the temple. You will discover that there are many facets to this subject.One of the many reasons to take a look at the LDS gospel topics essay on Second Anointing is because of the importance of understanding the doctrine of this practice. This practice allows members to become more spiritually centered and strengthened in their efforts to make good decisions regarding their lives. Through the ordinance of the temple, every member of the Church can participate in this spiritual experience. Through this service, the family of God experiences many miracles, including physical, emotional, and spiritual ones.Anot her reason to take a look at the LDS gospel topics essay on Second Anointing is because it is not only an exercise that leads to spiritual uplift, but also a means of sharing the love of the Lord with all of His children. It will become evident to you that the temple is so much more than a place where people go for rituals. In fact, it is not uncommon for members to build their own temples, whether they are in the temple or not.The LDS gospel topics essay on Second Anointing will teach you that when we are baptized, it is the beginning of our journey in the house of the Lord. We are offered the chance to make a covenant with God to keep His commandments. Through the ordinances of the temple, we will know what it means to be one with God and we will learn how to lead a holy life. Through this service, each individual can become more effective in his or her work in the gospel.You will discover that it is also important to see this topic's essay because it is an opportunity to learn mo re about ourselves. Through this service, we can learn how to make the right decisions and we can do it in the spirit of the Lord. Many times, people have been taught the right way to do things, but then they do not remember what it is that God wants them to do. Through the temple, we can learn how to set aside selfish concerns and think of others who are less fortunate, which will allow us to see them more clearly.This article will also teach you that the topic of the Second Anointing helps you see how important it is to know what it means to be one with God. If you already understand this concept, you will want to know more about what it means to be a member of the Church. There are many things that are more important than your own success.If you have never looked at the LDS gospel topics essay on Second Anointing, you will want to look at it now. This is a great chance to learn more about this subject. There are many ways that it can help you, and in many cases, it can serve as t he basis for something that you might find meaningful in your life.If you are someone who is just beginning to consider the idea of doing scripture study, you might want to start off by reading through this topic before you begin your research. If you are interested in looking into the topic further, then look through the LDS gospel topics essay on Second Anointing. After you have looked through this, you will have a better understanding of what you should expect when you begin looking into scripture study.

Research Paper Topics For Ob Nursing

Research Paper Topics For Ob NursingOne of the things that you will find in a good school or university's research paper topics for nursing degrees is the reality that there are a lot of opportunities for you to take advantage of. Some of these are more advantageous than others and for that reason, you should know what the advantages and disadvantages are. It is something that you will have to evaluate before you decide what direction you want to go.There are several ways that you can use to help with your research paper topics for ob nursing. One of them is to take the time to get a writing sample done by someone else and compare it to what you will be writing. It is quite simple to do, and will be very beneficial for you.When you take the time to get a writing sample of someone else who is writing on the topic of research paper topics for or nursing, you will be able to see what will be different from their written work. You can ask them to explain their method so that you can see how they do it. This will give you an idea of what to expect when it comes to the style and flow of your own work.Other ways that you can use when it comes to researching and writing about research paper topics for ob nursing is to actually look for tips and techniques that are being used by other people who have already gone through the program. You can also use these suggestions as a guideline, but to be honest with you, you will probably need to implement these methods yourself. It will be a process that takes some time, but it is well worth it when you realize just how many steps you are going to have to take in order to get your own degree.The last thing that you will want to remember when you are trying to figure out your own research paper topics for ob nursing is to keep in mind that you need to have a plan for your studies as soon as you can. You will want to make sure that you go over all of your classes as they come up, and you will want to make sure that you begin workin g on your clinical experiences as soon as possible. You do not want to be one of those people who have to put the project off, so make sure that you put everything into motion as soon as possible.The first part of this is very important, and when you are able to get everything organized and straightened out before you even have to begin anything else, you will be surprised at just how easy this will be. The next part is the clinical experience, and you will want to make sure that you take this seriously because you do not want to run into any problems later on. You will want to remember that it is not going to be easy, and you will need to prepare yourself for this to happen.In the end, the important thing that you want to remember is that you are going to have to take the time to research a variety of research paper topics for ob nursing. It is not going to be easy to get all of your projects together, but you will be able to see more clearly why they will be harder if you take the time to research each one. It will be a process that you are going to be in for a while, but you should make sure that you are ready to do it.As you are trying to research a variety of research paper topics for or nursing, you will have to remember that you will not be able to take it very easy. You will be able to get through it, but you will be responsible for it all, and that is the only way that you are going to be able to get through it.

Writing About Being a Fangirl For College Essay

Writing About Being a Fangirl For College EssayWriting about being a fangirl for college essay is an excellent way to express your creative side. Whether you are a traditional college student or you are already established as a budding writer, writing about your fandom can give you the opportunity to add your own style to the essay topic. Moreover, writing about being a fangirl for college essay gives you the chance to connect with others who share your same passion for literature. The following tips will help you write about being a fangirl for college essay effectively:If you have a lot of books to choose from, make sure that your essay topic includes many books in its list. Include movies, fiction, non-fiction, and poetry among others. Be specific when mentioning titles because this can help establish how big the audience is. However, the best way to do it is by keeping the focus on what the essay is all about. It is okay to include genres and subgenres within the topic but make s ure that your description is relevant to the theme of the essay.Be creative when writing about being a fangirl for college essay. Do not copy and paste lines from other essays. Instead, come up with your own creative and original lines. Remember that your essay is designed to allow you to talk about yourself and your opinions.Describe the characters that you love. This will give readers the chance to relate to the character and will inspire them to write their own description about the fangirls in their own lives. People who feel that their character is just like a fangirl can really let loose and let their inner creative muse loose.Just be original when writing about being a fangirl for college essay. Of course, be open to incorporating some lines from other people's writing so that you do not have to create the entire piece all by yourself. However, avoid trying to rewrite other people's work since this will only detract from your own essay.It is important to get as much feedback as possible. This will help you improve the quality of your essay and it can also help other students improve theirs. Try asking friends, relatives, or co-workers about the writing style that they read and do. This will provide more of a personal touch to your essay and will give you an insight into what makes the person you are writing about tick.Consider writing about why you enjoy your specific book or movie. This will allow you to add your personal touch to the essay and also put some humor in your description. Even if you cannot find the real reason why you love that book or movie, you can still create a summary of what makes you so passionate about it.You can always edit your essay after writing it to make it even more appealing and creative paper. However, keep in mind that you do not have to worry about the mistakes that you may make since they will be hidden and will not be revealed. Only the passages that are truly interesting will be presented in the final version of your essay.

Perception Research Paper Topics

Perception Research Paper TopicsIf you're serious about advancing your career as a psychology-related career, it's a good idea to consider what are the most appropriate perception research paper topics. The first thing to keep in mind is that for anyone in the field of psychology, you need to be careful about your expectations.When looking for research paper topics, take into consideration how closely the topic will match the duties and responsibilities that you have. This will help you make an informed decision. What if you find yourself in a position where you have to do research and analysis regarding a mental disorder that is not even around yet? This means that the opinions you are putting forth will have to be considered very carefully, as they will make or break your career.Research paper topics have to include both applied psychology and research areas related to clinical, medical, or health issues. Take into consideration the expected duration of your work, whether it is goi ng to be a one-time project or a steady supply of research, and your area of expertise. It's also important to know if the paper will be based on quantitative, qualitative, or conceptual data.For those of you who are considering writing a research paper, the next thing to keep in mind is your goal. For many people, the goal is simply to receive an academic evaluation. Others may want to publish a book, and still others may want to expand their current education and look for job opportunities in a different field.In addition to the research paper topics, there are a number of other factors that you should take into consideration. Some of the most important aspects include:The research paper topics you select should be something that you truly believe in. Otherwise, you could end up missing out on a lot of opportunities. Thebest research paper topics are also the ones that are unique. So when you're preparing for your research paper topic, take time to research other sources and optio ns that you can incorporate into your ideas.Remember, research paper topics are extremely important. For those who are in a position to earn an academic qualification, they would be more likely to find jobs, and you'll have a better chance of earning a good salary if you succeed.

Business intelligence (BI)and business alignment, maturity and appropriate organisational diffusion models The WritePass Journal

Business intelligence (BI)and business alignment, maturity and appropriate organisational diffusion models Background Business intelligence (BI)and business alignment, maturity and appropriate organisational diffusion models BackgroundProposed Null and Alternative HypothesesMethodological Approach Research Design ApproachResearcher’s Previous Related Work Significance of this Study ConclusionRelated Background Companies invest millions of dollars in business intelligence (BI) systems to gain useful BI data that helps leaders/managers to make management decisions and build predictive models of what may or may not happen in order for the company to gain a greater competitive advantage. Implementing such systems is no easy task (CGI Group Inc. 2004; Hedgebeth 2007). Studies have shown that there are a limited number of factors that make or break the success of BI within the organisation (Yeoh and Koronios 2020). To analyse the process more closely and ensure an organisation gets the greatest return on investment (ROI) and on the limited resources available, this study will contribute to these studies through highlighting the success factors and barriers faced by businesses. It attempts to provide better understanding for BI systems adoption, as well as the challenges when BI diffusion does not go well. Proposed Null and Alternative Hypotheses This proposal presents a quasi-experimental, time-study methodology to confirm the diffusion model and maximise successful implementation of a BI system as measured by return on investment (ROI). H01 –Businesses do not put more emphasis on accurate and timely data to make operational decisions to gain a competitive advantage. HA1 -Businesses do put more emphasis on accurate and timely data to make operational decisions to gain a competitive advantage. H02. The factors affecting business intelligence implementation do not affect managers’ business decision-making ability.   HA2. The factors affecting business intelligence implementation affect managers’ business decision-making ability.   H03.   Change management skills are not required by users adopting a new business intelligence system as measured by increased utilisation of BI system by the user. HA3 Change management skills are required by users adopting a new business intelligence system as measured by increased utilisation of BI system by the user. H04.   Human resource management skills are not required by users adopting a new business intelligence system as measured by increased utilisation of BI system by the user. HA4 Human resource management skills are required by users adopting a new business intelligence system as measured by increased utilisation of BI system by the user. H05 A model for implementation of BI is not needed for smooth diffusion and maximum results of the BI system as measured by ROI.   HA5 A model for implantation of BI is needed for smooth diffusion and maximum results of the BI system as measured by ROI. Methodological Approach Research Design Approach The conceptual framework for this study is utilising the positivist assumptions to determine as much as clear cause and effect as possible for a smooth diffusion process. The emphasis throughout will lead to a clearer understanding of the cause of successful BI system implementations and the effect of successful and unsuccessful BI implementations (Swanson and Holton 2005). The cause and effect will also be studied regarding use of a framework/model during a BI implementation. To get to the primary factors, the positivist approach is the proper choice to. If this factor is present (x) then a smooth BI diffusion will take place (y) and the organisation will see improved results and increase its’ competitive position. This cause and effect, positivist framework will lead to a quantitative, longitudinal study. A quasi-experimental, time series design will be employed in this study which will be conducted over several years. This will be done to assess the progress of business results and BI data results as an outcome from the BI model diffusion, i.e. â€Å"to determine the influence of a variable or treatment on a single sample group† (Swanson Holton, 2005, p. 91). The data analysis is measured before and after the intervention or treatment. In this case, that would be the BI model of diffusion with changes as a result of the literature analysis. A limitation to the time series is that it is difficult for the researcher to â€Å"separate out interaction effects out of the organisation or (some) other environmental reason† (Swanson Holton, 2005, p. 91). This correlates to the literature as this is the area that has not been studied for a great length of time. This study will be conducted over a 3-year period as the longitudinal method gathers measurements over an extended period of time so as to be able to study long-term ROI with the main concern being dealing with the attrition factor which makes such studies more expensive. Opinions will be elicited from IT executives representing two types of companies: those which adopted BI systems and those which have had problems doing so or have not done so yet. Two questionnaires will be used, one for each type of organisations. The first questionnaire will be organised into four sections: general data; BI success measures; factors for BI adoption; and challenges to BI adoption. Previous surveys will be used to create the survey tool and modified to fit the context (Kamhawi 2008). The second questionnaire will be organised into four sections as well: general data; reasons for problems with implementing BI systems; attitudes; and future intentions towards BI systems. Measurement items for such se ctions will be developed using previous studies (Kamhawi 2008). The questionnaires will be field tested and pilot tested to ensure validity and reliability. Based on the pre-test and pilot test minor changes may be made to the phrases used in the scale questions of the questionnaire, how worded, and how questions will be classified and may be made clearer. Responses to the phrases of both questionnaires will be given through a 5 point-Likert scale. Researcher’s Previous Related Work This researcher has been involved with business and information technology alignment since the mid-1990s which is the area which this research falls into. After having returned from academic studies abroad to southern Africa the researcher was confronted with the task of having to evaluate projects from international donor organisations such as German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), projects that would otherwise be classified as white elephants because the technology used was too advanced for a developing country. This resulted in this researcher submitting an MBA project to Nottingham Trent University in 1999 entitled â€Å".† This area of interest was further enhanced as the researcher was a lecturer on the MBA programme of the University of East London responsible for a course on â€Å"Organisational Change and Business Processes.† As the researcher has been working with SAP BI for a few years the implementation of such complex system has further enhanced the interest i n researching in this area, defining the linkage between business and technology in BI. Though the writer has not come up with any publications due to the nature of his work, this research would correct that and lead to publications of the researcher’s expertise. Significance of this Study The real world of the organization change management can prove challenging and this study could contribute significantly to the existing literature by filling gaps within existing studies and creating new knowledge. As well done as the qualitative study was by Yeoh and Koronios (2010) their model does not account specifically for the effects of human resource management or for the unexpected. The critical and unique elements that this study will be provide: Conclusion Conclusions and perspectives from a global standpoint as a result of retrieving samples from locations worldwide as opposed to one-country focused literature review. This study will be a quasi-experimental, time-series study as a result of the literature review where previous studies have been from one point in time. Create a weighting system for the success factors to determine which one has the most impact on a successful diffusion process. This will be helpful for organisations that have limited time and resources when implementing the BI into the company. Determining the position of change management and human resource management in the BI diffusion model. Many of the model or studies reference training for users as an example, or change management in broad terms, but few are specific about the position of change management in the model or the position of the needs of the people during the transition.

Benefits of Social Media

In today’s society, communication is somewhat effortless with as much as a cell phone or computer. A text or instant message, via one of the various social networking sites, is how the majority of people today interact with one another. Social media has allowed new unconventional means of education to thrive amongst students of all ages and facilitated new means of easier communication among family and friends. However, along with a broadened network of communication there are precautions and concerns that many have taken in response to the vulnerability of this vast cyberspace. Although social media has its pitfalls, it has also changed the world for the better because it has introduced new innovative methods of education, facilitated easier communication, and has created a new environment for self-expression. Social networking, such as Facebook, Twitter, Myspace, Formspring, and Instagram, has virtually enabled students around the world to create online study groups and chat rooms to enhance their learning experience. In an article by Paulette Stewart, an author for Feature magazine, a group of high school library volunteers are brought together by their librarian to test out an online literature study group on Faceboook. The students mingle and begin to become thoroughly engaged as they read one book each month and then converse about the literature they had read. Throughout the simulation, the students begin to come forward and speak more openly about their opinions and literary views of the novels they had read (29). This example shows how Facebook, a social networking site, proved to be a productive educational outlet for students to engage socially with each other in a virtual classroom which resulted in authentic research and easier communication amongst students via a social media outlet. Although social media such as Facebook, has helped broaden education into different outlets other than the traditional classroom, there are some questions many people have about how safe these online environments are. Dr. Stephanie Huffman, an Associate Professor at the University of Central Arkansas with a PhD in Leadership Studies, reveals that â€Å"social networking increases the likelihood of new risks to the self†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and â€Å"†¦loss of privacy† are very prominent aspects of joining a social networking site (154). There are many disputes today that debate whether social networking is safe because it allows, not only friends and family, but an entire network of people, most of whom are strangers, to see personal information, interactions with others, and individual thought. Although there are some risks of putting information on the web that reveals ones identity, as Stewart mentioned in her article previously, there are many privacy settings that are enabled to the user of the account (30). For example, on Facebook there are settings that allow the user to limit their profiles to be viewed by only people that they are friends with, which are called â€Å"Privacy Settings†. Websites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and other social media are very beneficial in many ways that are helpful for education and introduces new styles of education to educators. Even though these new forms of learning are not traditional and physical forms of a classroom setting, these virtual classes still provide all the necessary components of learning. For example, Stewart conveyed activities such as social camaraderie amongst students by working together, researching subjects in more depth due to access to more information, and students having more honest opinions in a non face-to-face environment versus an online group chat (32). However, students are warned to remain aware that â€Å"once information is released into cyberspace, it becomes a part of a global network† (Huffman 155). On the other hand, students do have the choice to take full advantage of privacy settings and monitoring the status of their information that they release to the web, friends, and potentially unknown viewers of their information. Overall, when using social media for educational purposes there are many benefits that, when taken advantage of, enhance educational experiences because of modern-day advancements in social media and networking. Over the last decade, social media has undoubtedly changed the way people communicate. Two people no longer have to be face to face to communicate and can now receive responses within seconds. In an article written by Nafaa Jabeur, Sherali Seadally, and Biju Sayed, authors for the Communications of the ACM journal, called â€Å"Mobile Social Networking Applications†, GPS tracking systems in Mobile Social Networking (MSN) devices allows users to locate other users, areas and amenities nearby that concern the same interests as them (74). Social media has assisted communication by facilitating the means of connecting multiple individuals. Examples include Jabeur, Zeadally, and Sayed’s article’s claim that news is easier spread using the technology of MSN, which helps notify copious amounts of people in an urgent manner, of incidents in their local areas (Jabeur. Zeadally, Sayed 76). However, there are questions about if social media is taking over society in a negative aspect rather than helping it. In a study called â€Å"Problematic Use of Social Networking Sites†, documented by Dr. Parth Singh Meena, Pankaj Kumar Mittal and Ram Humar Solanki, Psychiatrists for the Industry Psychiatry Journal, research shows that social media is greatly increasing in, mainly, teenagers and young adults to somewhat of a dangerous high (94). Studies have shown that â€Å"from April 2008 to April 2009, the total minutes spent on Facebook in the U. S. , in particular, has increased from 1. 7 billion minutes to 13. 9 billion minutes† (Meena, Mittal, and Solanki 95). Although these numbers of the increased amount of social media users is shocking, there are many beneficial reasons for taking advantage of new technology. A positive example of why excessive use of social media may be helpful is received through an article called â€Å"Targeted Social Mobilization in a Global Manhunt† where Alex Rutherford, data scientist at the UN Global Pulse Research Center, and many other researchers followed a simulation to track down five individuals in many different cities and states based on just a headshot, using nothing but social media sites for urgent information (1). Using websites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Google search engine, the simulation found three out of the five individuals only used social media (Rutherford, et. al. 2). This example shows how using social media can be helpful in communicating with people around the world in urgent situations. Social networking sites such as Twitter, Facebook, Formspring, and Myspace make it capable to talk to people’s next-door neighbors or to talk to someone halfway across the world. These sites allow individuals to create profiles and custom pages that showcase personal information, interests and hobbies for virtually anyone to see. For example, Twitter has a certain section of the website that allows users to see â€Å"Trending Topics† around the world that involve the most popular topics of conversation to be shared with the entire Twitter community. By using the Trending Topics the user is connected with, virtually, the entire world by communicating with people from different countries, backgrounds, languages, and cultures. Dr. Stephanie Huffman, as mentioned earlier, believes that social networking allows users to broaden their experiences â€Å"through presentation of self, learning, building relationships, exposure to other diverse groups† and many more valuable attributes (154). An important issue to be made aware of in social media is cyber-bullying. There have been numerous studies and extensive research about the effects of cyber-bullying and speculation of how to put an end to this phenomenon. Neal Geach, a professor and extensive researcher at the University of Hertfordshire, and Nicola Haralambous, a researcher and professor of Criminal Law at Coventry University, produced an article, â€Å"Regulating Harassment: Is the Law Fit for the Social Networking Age? †, that discusses the dangers of cyber bullying and the laws that are being put into place to regulate it. Their article exhibits many laws, some of which do pertain to the Internet and social media. There are laws being put into place specifically dealing with harassment that occurs on online social media sites (Geach and Haralambous 248). Dr.  Peter Kiriakidis, a professor of research at the University of Queens and has a Ph. D. in Educational Leadership, and Dr. Demarques Lakes performed a case study on student-to-student bullying to gain insight from teachers and educational staff on what they have observed about online bullying. Their research found that â€Å" most teachers also reported that they associate academic underperformance of certain students to be the result of some form of cyber bullying† which supports the idea that educator’s are becoming more aware of this issue and it’s side effects and trying to find helpful solutions (Kiriakidis and DeMarques 109). The Internet can be a productive and innovative outlet for positive self-expression if used correctly and cautiously. Social networking sites help users gain insight for themselves and others by discovering new interests and groups of people that enjoy the same pastimes as them (154). Although these freedoms come with a price, there are many ways to cut down online obstacles such as bullying, harassment, and negative pressures of society. There are several privacy settings on sites such as Twitter, Facebook, and Myspace that eliminate the chance of an unknown user viewing your profile and personal information (Stewart 30). Also available to all users on every social networking site is a â€Å"Block Report† button that allows the user to block as many other users as they want from their page so that none of their information, comments, or personal information is released to that certain user. If a certain user is becoming an issue with violent or irrational behavior over the Internet, every user also has the option to report another user for inappropriate behavior to the site to resolve the issue. In conclusion, society has benefitted greatly from social media networks and offers a multitude of advantages for many reasons. Education has been greatly impacted by the numerous and endless possibilities of transforming the concept of learning into a more modern and experimental structure. Social media has facilitated a new form of open communication that has made long distance relationships possible and global communication easier. Social networking has also introduced a new era of presentation of self by allowing online users to share their monumental, life moments through pictures, status’, comments, and interests. When all is considered, social media among children, teens, college students, and other adults is overall beneficial and innovative to society.